Transcript CHAPTER 1 The Sociological Point of View

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Sociology
 What is Sociology? Any ideas? What do you
already know?
 Sociology is the social science that studies
human society and social behavior.
 -Sociologists make connections between
behavior and society by asking questions and
solving problems.
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Create 6-10 questions you would ask
these people to better understand
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their society.
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Create 6-10 questions you would ask
these people to better understand their
society.
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Understanding the significances of
studying human behavior activity
 Create a list of as many things as you can think of to describe
yourself.
 Review you list and then cross off everything listed that
describes yourself as an individual. (hair color, academic
achievements) Leave all the things that describe you in terms
of your relationships with others. (positions in your family,
groups and friends)
 All of those items still listed are indications that we are not
simply members of a society but that we also identify
ourselves in social terms.
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CHAPTER 1
The Sociological Point of View
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
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Section 1: Examining Social Life
Objectives:
 Describe what sociology is and explain what it
means to have a sociological imagination.
 Explain how sociology is similar to and
different from other social sciences.
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Ch. 1 section 1 Terms and People (Define and Identify)
 Anthropology Economics History Political Science Psychology Sociological Imagination Social Interaction-
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 Sociological Perspective Social Phenomena Social Psychology Social Science Socialism C. Wright Mills-
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Comparing Sociology to
Other Social Sciences
 SIMILAR: examines the relations between
society and culture, the individual economics,
politics, and past events which are all the focus
of one or more of the social sciences
 DIFFERENT: sociologists are mainly
interested in social interaction and tend to
focus on the group rather than the individual
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Section: 1 Examining Social Life
Question:
How can having a sociological perspective help one
look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden
meanings behind human actions?
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Section: 1 Examining Social Life
1. The sociological perspective helps you see that all
people are social beings.
2. It tells you that your behavior is influenced by social
factors and that your learned behavior is influenced
from others.
• The clothes that you wear.
• Voting for the same candidate as your
parents.
3. The sociological perspective allows you to see beyond
your own day to day life by viewing the world
through other’s eyes.
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Section: 1 Examining Social Life
1. Using the Sociological perspective is a fresh way of
looking at a familiar surrounding.
2. Look at paperweight / snow globe with the snow
scene in it. This represents a microcosm (a little
world) of society. You are not part of that society,
you are separated from it and therefore, are able to
see it from all angels with an objective perspective.
3. This is the perspective of sociologist. It has no
biases, no prejudices. This is how one should study
societies throughout the world.
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Section 1: Examining Social Life
Question:
What does it mean to have a Sociological
Imagination?
 A sociological imagination is the ability to see the
connection between the larger world and one’s
personal life.
 C. Wright Mills describes this as:
“the capacity to range from the most impersonal and
remote to the most intimate features of the human selfand to see the relations between the two.”
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Section 1: Examining Social Life
Future of the world
Teacher
Teacher
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
Future of the world
My connection
between the
larger world and
my own personal
life.
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Section 1: Examining Social Life
Individual
Teacher
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
Donating Blood
Future of the world
My connection
between the
larger world and
my own personal
life.
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What is gained by using our
sociological imagination?
 Understand effects of events
 Awareness permits to learn and get a fuller
understanding of the events
 Questions common interpretations of human
social behavior.
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SOCIOLOGY
Examining Social Life
Illustration
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
?
?
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Create your own
Illustration
?
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 CLASSWORK:
 (Page 7-8 in your book)
 On the thinking map/graphic organizer provided compare the
focus of sociology with the focus of the other social sciences.
 (make sure somewhere in the organizer you
address the following)
1) Define and explain what this area of the Social Sciences deals
with.
2) How does this area overlap with sociology?
How would a sociologist use this discipline in their work? Create
an example.
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Sociology’s Place in the Social Sciences
 Anthropology- comparative study of past and
present cultures (closest to sociology)
 Psychology- focuses on individual behavior
(personality, perception, motivation, learning)
 History- study of past events, sociologists study
past events in order to explain current social
behaviors and attitudes
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 Economics
Process by which goods and services are produced,
distributed, and consumed.
Examines government policy on economic growth and
stability.
Effects of economic forces are of great interest to sociologists
 Political Science
Organization and operation of governments
Sociologists would be interested in voting patterns, the
concentration of political power and the formation of
political groups
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Warm-up:
SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS-
PICK 2
USE YOUR TEXTBOOK TO LOOK UP EACH
THINKERS PERSPECTIVE…
Pages 10-17
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What were Auguste Comte’s major
ideas?
 Sociology
 Positivism(the belief that
knowledge should be derived
from scientific observation
 Social statics(the study of
social stability and order)
 Social dynamics (the study
of social change)
 Positive Philosophy
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Why did Herbert Spencer oppose
social reform?
 Self taught
 Jack of trades
 Society Human body
 Social
Darwinism thought that
evolutionary social
change led to progress
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Karl Marx
 Bourgeoisie(class owning the
means for producing wealth)
 Capitalist (person who owns or
controls the means for producing
wealth)
 Proletariat(working class; those
who labor for the bourgeoisie)
 Class conflict ( the ongoing
struggle between the bourgeoisie
(owners) and the proletariat
(working) class)
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Emile Durkheim
 Mechanical solidarity (social
dependency based on a
widespread consensus of values
and beliefs enforced by
conformity and dependence on
tradition and family)

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Organic solidarity (social
interdependency based on a
high degree of specialization in
roles)
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Max Weber
 Verstehen(understandin
g social behavior by
putting yourself in the
place of others)

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Rationalization(the
mindset emphasizing
knowledge, reason, and
planning)
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Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
Objectives:
 Describe how the field of sociology developed.
 Explain how the focuses of the three main
theoretical perspectives in sociology differ.
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Conflict PerspectiveDysfunctionalFunctionFunctionalist PerspectiveIdeal TypeTheoryInteractionist perspectiveLatent FunctionManifest Function-
Social DarwinismSymbolSymbolic InteractionTheoretical PerspectiveVerstehen-
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Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
The Development of Sociology
 The rapid social and political changes that took place in
Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution
 Rapid growth of urban populations produced a multitude of
social problems
 Over time, it became more difficult to ignore the effect of
society on the individual
 Sweeping political, social, and economic changes caused some
scholars to question the traditional explanations of life and
attempted to prove their beliefs using a variety of methods
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The Role of Theoretical
Persepctives
Perspective is a particular point of view.
We all see what is happening around us
through our own perspectives—our own point of
view.
Perception is the way the brain interprets an
image or event.
Have you ever shared a different perception of
an event from a friend?
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What is unique about sociology?
 Sociology has its own perspective–the
sociological perspective (a view that looks at
behavior of groups not individuals)
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What is a theoretical perspective?
 a set of assumptions accepted as true
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SECTION 2
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
Question:
What are the three main
theoretical perspectives in
sociology and how do the
differ in their focus?
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Three Main Theoretical Perspectives
Differ in Focus
Functions Can Be…
FUNCTIONALIST
PERSPECTIVE:
 Based on ideas of Comte, Spencer,
and Durkheim
 see society as a set of interrelated parts
that work together to produce a stable
social system; focus on functions and
dysfunctions
 Society held together through
concensus
 If an element doesn’t function
smoothly, labeled “dysfunctional”
(Crime)
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 Manifest- intended/recognized
consequence of some element
of society (car -> provides
transportation)
 Latent function- unintended
and unrecognized consequence
of an element of society (car> social standard/prestige by
owning an expensive car
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Three Main Theoretical Perspectives
Differ in Focus
Examples:
CONFLICT
PERSPECTIVE:
 focus on forces in society that
promote competition and
change; see social change as an
inevitable feature of society
 Karl Marx ideas
 Interested in violent AND
nonviolent competition
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 Decision making in families
 Relationships among racial
groups
 Disputes between workers and
employers
 *** Competition over scarce
resources is the basis of social
conflict
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Three Main Theoretical Perspectives
Differ in Focus
Examples:
INTERACTIONISTS
PERSPECTIVE:
 focus on how individuals interact in
society and on the meanings individuals
attach to their own and to other’s actions
 Interested in everyday situations
 Symbolic interaction- How
people use symbols to
interact
 Topics- Child development,
relationships, mate selection
 Influenced by Max Weber
 Interested in symbols (gestures, physical
objects, words, and events)
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SECTION 2
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SOCIOLOGY
Sociology: Then and Now
Functionalists
see society as a set of
interrelated parts that work
together to produce a stable
social system; focus on
functions and dysfunctions
THREE SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVES
Conflict Theorists
Interactionists
focus of forces in society that
promote competition and
change; see social change as
an inevitable feature of society
focus on how individuals
interact in society and on the
meanings individuals attach to
their own and others’ actions
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Mr. Bean Cannot Stay Awake in church
Apply the sociological perspectives
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CHAPTER 1
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SOCIOLOGY
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. What is the main focus of sociology?
2. What does it mean to have a sociological perspective
and sociological imagination?
3. Identify the major early sociologists.
4. What are the three main theoretical perspectives in
sociology, and which of the founders of sociology is
connected to which perspective?
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Short Essay Questions
Answer 2 of the following 4 questions.
1) How did Max Weber’s approach (perspective) to sociology differ from that of Comte,
Spence, Marx, and Durkheim?
2) Explain how the focus of Sociology is both different and similar to the focus of the
other Social Sciences. You must address at least 3 other Social Sciences and be sure to give
examples in your response.
3) Identify and describe the 3 main theoretical perspectives in sociology, be sure to include
a real world example of each.
4) Explain how developing a Sociological Perspective and a Sociological Imagination can
help you in your daily life? Be sure to define both terms in your response.
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