Transcript Theoretical Perspective

Background:
• There are 3 major theories used by sociologists:
- Functionalism
- Symbolic Interaction
- Conflict
Theory: a general statement
about how some parts of the
world fit together and how they
work
Perception: is the way your
brain sees an event, how you
interpret something
Theoretical Perspective:
a set of assumptions
about an area of study
The Functionalist Perspective
Definition: Emphasizes the contributions (the functions) made by
each part of society
* (ie. Family, Religion, Education, Economy, Govt.)
According to Functionalism:
• All parts of society are part of the integrated whole
• A change in one part of society leads to changes in the other parts
After upheaval societies will return to a state of normalcy
• Members of society cooperate based on a consensus on values
Vocabulary
• Two kinds of functions:
– Manifest: the intended & recognized consequences or
outcomes
– Latent: the unintended & unrecognized consequences or
outcomes
* Apply this to Video Games:
Manifest Function
 to have fun & be entertained
Latent Function
 obesity & violence
• Dysfunctions: negative consequences or outcomes
The Conflict Perspective
Definition: Emphasizes conflict, competition, change and
constraints which exist in society
According to the Conflict Theory:
• It is the reverse of functionalism
• A society is composed of groups that:
Engage in fierce competition for resources (voting/rights/etc.)
There is a constant struggle for power and control
Those in power can then constrain those who are less
powerful by limiting their access to resources (Inequality)
As the power shifts between one group or another, change occurs!
Symbolic Interactionism Theory
Definition: the interaction among people is based on mutually
understood symbols
According to the Symbolic Interationist Theory:
• Symbol: something observable that represents something else
• Members of society have to understand the meaning of the symbol
or…………….. there is confusion, embarrassment, or chaos!
– We learn meaning of a symbol from watching how others react
– Once we learn the meaning of these symbols, we base our
behavior (interactions) on these symbols
– We use the meanings of symbols to imagine how others will
react to our behavior and vice versa
Levels of Analysis
• Macro Level: examination of large-scale patterns of society
– Functionalist
– Conflict
• Micro Level: examination of small-scale patterns of society
– Symbolic Interactionism