Transcript PPT - Space Syntax Symposium 8 Santiago Chile

Transformation Logic of Public Space
in Rural Settlement
—Case Study Kaihsienkung, China
Dr. and Associate Prof. Li Li , Tongji University
Dr. Xiaoling Dai, Zhejiang University of Technology
Jan.6.2012 Chile, SSS8
Acknowledgement: This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
(50808131), Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (200802471063), and Scientific
Creativity fund of Shanghai Education Council of China (10ZZ22).
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Introduction
3 years ago, we applied research projects, aiming at study
morphological evolution of Chinese rural settlements with the
help of “space syntax” method.
What is the
speciality of
Tai Lake Area?
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
In the history, there was a
“Town and Village
continuum” connected by
water channels. There
was a 5 km radius's
network of Towns.
Flow of goods
Village
Flow of Laborers and
farm produces
Town
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
From 1980’s, there was a decline of waterborne traffic
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
The decline of waterborne traffic
Previously, every household has more than one boat.
After the construction of roads, bicycle and motorcycle
become the main means of traffic. From village to
town is about half hours’ journey.
1980-2004 the ownership of transportation tools in Jiangsu Province
per 100 household
bicycle
Motor Car
2 family one motor car
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Motor Cars
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
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Introduction
The main problem for a study of the
evolution process of rural settlement is
the available of historical maps and
other documents.
Fei, H.-T. (1939).
Peasant life in China - a
field study of country
life in the Yangtze
valley Published by
Kegan Paul, Trench,
Trubner.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
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Introduction
Kaihsienkung is chose as
a case study. It is a typical
village in this region and
also a well-known village
since sociologist Hsiaotung Fei studied it from
1930’s.
By-product: start a
dialogue with sociologists,
explaining the evolution
mechanism of the village
from spatial point of view.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
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Research Question & Methodology
what are the main factors responsible for the evolution
process of public space and different impacts of these
factors. This research is constituted by three parts.
•Depict: physical & social transformation of the
settlement（its expansion, the shift location of shops,
movement flows).
•Syntactic analysis: uncover spatial
structures of this village in 1930’s & now
quantitatively (impacts of water, vehicle & pedestrian
lane) .
•Explore the two fold relationship between the
spatial network and social phenomenon.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Methods：
archival research,
site survey,
behavior investigation,
morphological and syntactic analysis.
Research team:
Lihong Ni, Junjun Zhang, Lingjiao Jiang, Li Liang, Li Li and other
two students Yan Zhang and Ruiwen Zhang
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Depict 1 : physical transformation
In the history (1930’s)
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Scenery in 1950’s
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Scenery in 1950’s
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Depict 1 : physical transformation
Expansion of Settlement form;
Form of dwellings.
location of bridges;
1930’s
Introduction
Methodology
Results
2010
Discussion
Infill of the settlement form
Because of the continuing renovation and extension of the houses,
there are many places have the problem of visual obstruction,
which means that in the narrow and zigzag paths, you know you
can go though, but you can’t see through.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Depict 2: social transformation
Change of population: from 1977 to 2006, the population conduct farm work is
decreased from 77% to 16.2%. Adults go to nearby towns for work; children
also go to the towns for study. There are only elderly in village in the day time.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Change of live centre - in 1930’s
The most frequently
used public spaces
are banks of the
streams, especially
the shops near the
bridges.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Change of live centre – in 2010
Land-use mapping
Difficult for behavior
observation: frequency of
residents activities in
countryside is much fewer
comparing to the one of the
urban dwellers.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
A combined method of
‘interview + unstructured observation + tracing +gate count’
Hypothesis : if we know the main types of everyday
activities in this village, and tracing these activities in
a random manner, the overlapping of these tracings
can show us a picture of the spatial distribution of
the main activities in this village.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Interview + unstructured observation
main activities:
(1) morning, people go to work from home; go to the school from
bus station, go to the market
(2)daytime, go to nearby stream for washing clothes and food;
just talk to each other in front of their courtyards.
(3) late afternoon, people come back to home; chat in front of
their house.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Tracing
Start points:
- from the market in the
morning,
- from the bus station in
the morning and
afternoon,
- from the bridges in the
daytime.
Principle: distribute the
starting points of tracing
evenly in the whole
village.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Explanation of tracing from bridge
pedestrian
Real operation, there were
few people passing certain
bridge even in peak hour.
Whether this is a regular
phenomenon?
Gate count check: a half
hour’s gate count on
seven bridges
simultaneously at 9 o’
clock in the morning.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
bicycle, motorbike and cars
Constitution of Movements
441 in total
10%
6%
44%
Pedestrian
Bicycle
Motorcycle
Car
40%
6%
Pedestrian
Bicycle
Motorcycle
Car
40%
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
overlapped the 43 tracing drawings
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Dramatic change of social usage of Bridge 4?
What is the main
reason account for
the change of B4?
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Syntactic analysis
1.comparison of street network (1936 & 2011);
2.comparison of the “Vehicles Road System”
and “Only for Walk System” in the current
village;
3.comparison of spatial cores in three
systems (water & road & combined network
of both)
These quantitative analysis will showed us
the different degree of impact from the street,
water and highway network respectively.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Street network 1936
B2
B3
B4
B1
Axial : Road System 1936-Rn
Introduction
Researcher Process
Segment : Road System 1936-Choice
Results
Discussion
Road network 2010
B4
Axial : Road System 2011-Rn
Introduction
Researcher Process
Segment : Road System 2011-Choice
Results
Discussion
Do the conditions of streets matter?
surface condition of a particular path ？
width？
Cement road,
for car + pedestrian
Introduction
Narrow cement lanes, Narrow muddy lanes,
for pedestrian only
for pedestrian only
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
2010:“Vehicles Road” & “Only for Walk” Systems
Road structure divided into
two levels
Axial Analysis Road 2011–Rn.
Top 20% lines
Can drive
Top 20%Rn
Only for walk
A pedestrian
only bridge
We found a high level of
correlation by visual inspection.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
The dramatic match suggested the local people have
an instinct cognition on spatial structure.
According to this instinct, they decide to spend their
limited money and attention on the streets that are
have more potential to be used according to the
spatial laws. Make sure these top important paths
are well maintained and no private occupancy
should happen on these paths to narrow it down.
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
Combined Axial model in 1936
To fully represent the cognitive map of local people in 1936, we can
developed a “combined axial model” with the water and street network
connecting with each other.
B2
B3
B4
B1
Combined Axial model in 1936
Introduction
Researcher Process
Zoom in
Results
Discussion
Combined Axial model in 1936
It shows that the integration core of
the road system is consistent with the
core of the water system in 1930s.
B2
B3
B4
B1
Combined Axial model in 1936
Introduction
Researcher Process
Segment : Road System 1936-Choice
Results
Discussion
Combined Axial model in 1936
But not the same case in 2010.
B2
B3
B4
B1
Combined Axial model in 1936
Introduction
Researcher Process
Axial : Road System 2011-Rn
Results
Discussion
Explanation of the “reversed spatial logic”
There is a continue weaken of importance of water system:
In 1930’ water network is
- only connecting passage of this village to outside,
- main public space within the village (regular boat system)
In 1980s, tap water pipe network was provided, which lead to
a further weakening of the dependence to the water.
In 1990’s, due to the completion of road network, people tent
to travel by motorcycles or trucks instead of boats; boats of
many family became out of maintenance.
Therefore, the reversed spatial logic is actually a spatial
consequence of the declined dependence to the water
system in this village .
Introduction
Researcher Process
Results
Discussion
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Result 1
This case study again illustrated the classical
argument in space syntax theory on the relationship
among spatial configuration, movement flow and
land-use.
Segment : Road System 2011-Choice
Introduction
Researcher Process
Axial : Rn - top 20% lines are in red
Results
Discussion
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Result 1
Segment : Road System 2011-Choice
Introduction
Researcher Process
Shop locations
Results
Discussion
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Result 2
By syntactic analysis, we provided objective evidence for the
common believe that the spatial logic of the village and towns in
Tai Lake valley has undergone a dramatic shift from “attracted
by water” in the early 20th century to “attracted by road” now.
Segment : Road System 1936-Choice
Introduction
Researcher Process
Segment : Road System 2011-Choice
Results
Discussion
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Discussion
We found in many aspects, Angular Segment analysis can
better describing the spatial structure of Kaihsienkung. Whether
Angular Segment model can better depict the spatial structure
of a settlement with curving waterfront than the traditional Axial
model need further study’s examination.
Axial : Road System
1936-Rn
Introduction
Segment : Road
System 1936Choice R1200
Researcher Process
Axial : Road
System 2011-Rn
Results
Segment : Road
System 2011Choice
Discussion
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