Transcript Chapter 2 Culture

Good Morning!

Bell Ringer- in your
groups, finish your
tropical island activity

Objective: To Define the
term Culture and its
components.
Chapter 2 Culture
Ms. Krall
Activity…


The credo and your
items are expressions of
your Culture.
Each item and idea are
part of your value system
because of the culture
that you live in.


If you were raised in a
different culture, lists
would probably be
different!
Objectives- to identify
and define the
components of culture.
Activity…Bell Ringer

You are watching TV
when the local news
interrupts and states that
you must evacuate your
house immediately,
without reason. You can
only bring 10 items
(other than clothes) with
you. What would they
be?


Next right your own
Credo (statement of
beliefs.) Ex. “I
believe…”
What is the difference
between “culture” and
“cultured”?
Definitions…Think back to the
Tropical Island…





Society- groups of people who have organized in
such a way as to share a common culture and
feeling of unity.
Culture- shared products of humans.
Material Culture- physical products
Nonmaterial Culture- beliefs, values.
Societies produce culture!
Components of Culture






Symbols
Language
Values
Norms
Folkways
Mores
Symbols


something that stands for anything else (shared
meaning attached to it.)
http://www.symbols.com
Welcome Back!

Bell Ringer- List the
components of culture

Objectives: Continue to
define components of
culture, understanding
how rules define our
society.
Language

organization of written or spoken symbols into a
standardized system.
Norms

Enforced cultural values,
shared rules of conduct
to tell people how to act
in specific situations.


Mores-norms that have
great social significance
to them.
Folkways-norms that do
not have great social
significance. Nonconformity is permitted.
Urinal etiquette?!?!
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
Answers
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
Welcome Back!

Bell Ringer- What is the difference between a
folkway and a mores? Give an example for
each.
And the elevator?
Activity




Read “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema”
List two types of material and non-material
culture.
List an example of each component of culture:
Symbol, Language, Values, Norms, (Folkways,
Mores.)
List an example of a cultural trait, Cultural
Complex, and a Cultural Pattern (combo of
cultural complexes)
Welcome Back!


Bell Ringer- With your partner complete
Nacirema questions and be prepared to discuss.
Objectives- By observing behavior and reading
Milgram’s experiment you will be able to identify
how sanctions and social control shape norms in
our society.
Social Control and Sanctions



Sanctions are positive or negative reactions to the ways
that people follow or disobey norms, including rewards for
conformity and punishments for norm violators.
Sanctions help to establish social control, the formal and
informal mechanisms used to increase conformity to values
and norms and thus increase social cohesion.
For example…. Following the leader
29
Good Morning! Bell Ringer…


What are sanctions?
How do sanctions enforce social control?
For Example

How are people reacting to these norm
violations?
Is violating a norm becoming more acceptable?

No pants day!

Today’s objective- Would you
electrocute your friend?




As you read the article
What is the “Shirer
Thesis?”
Summarize Milgrams’s
experiment
Do you think Americans
are truly obedient?

The experiment
Good Morning

Bell Ringer:


Think about your credo
awhile back. List 10
things that you believe in
Agenda and Objective:
Through notes and
discussion, students will
identify values that all
Americans share.
Values

Shared beliefs about
what is good or bad,
right or wrong, desirable
or undesirable.

The types of values held
by a group help to
determine the character
of its people and the
kinds of material and
non material culture they
create.
Good morning…

Bell Ringer: Compare
your values rankings with
your neighbor. What are
top 5?


Do any values contradict
each other?
Objective- to understand
Common American
values and see them
through two viewpoints:
Traditionalists and
Progressives.
Can you think of any values that all
Americans share?

Sociologist Robin Williams believed we all share
common cultural values as Americans.
Common values




Achievement- we all
strive for success.
Work- we all have a
strong work ethic
Morality- we are absolute
in what we think is
right/wrong
Humanitarianism- We
take pride that we are
generous to others.



Efficiency- we know
how to get the job done
and quickly.
Progress- We feel that
America is always
moving forward to
become better.
Material comfort- we
love our stuff and we
want more of it.
Common Values




Equality- We believe that all people
should be treated fairly and equally
Freedom- We value our civil
liberties
Comfort- we love to conform and
follow the group.
Group Superiority and racism- we
tend to discriminate against certain
groups in society.




Science- we value science to
explain things and to solve
problems.
Nationalism- we take pride in
our country and we like to
mix religion with it.
Democracy-We value the
choice of who represents us
Individualism- you have
control over your life.
Cultural Values
Cultural defined standards by which serve
as broad guidelines for social living.
Cultural Conflicts
Disagreements over cultural values
Two Major Camps

Traditionalists

Most oppose abortion,
gay rights, school has
abandoned moral
teachings.



World is seen as a moral
system, that there is an
authority that clearly
defines right/wrong and
to whom everyone is
responsible.
God is the authority
Tend to be patriotic,
religious, “old fashion”
Second Camp

Progressives

Social problems like
poverty and racial
discrimination demand
not greater moral
discipline but making
everyone more equal.


World is composed of
people free to make their
own choices. No clear
line between right/wrong
Religious but see
religious texts as a source
of historical wisdom and
up for interpretation.
Bell Ringer



With your neighbor review the following items
List of American Values
Define the following: Cultural Conflicts,
Traditionalists, Progressives
The Media focuses on people taking extreme positions on
each of these views
What do these say about our values?
Activity!

With your neighbor pick three “American
Values” and represent their meanings by
creating two bumper stickers.
Good Morning

Your Bell Ringer….

Complete review
worksheet…
Agenda and Objectives



Review Bumper Stickers
Take Culture Quiz
Through participating in a cultural quiz students
will be able to understand what is their cultural
preference.
Good Morning…

Bell Ringer: Take a piece
of paper and draw a map
of the world


Agenda: Go over
assignment, discuss your
maps, activity on
ethnocentrism
Through notes and
activities, students will be
able to define
ethnocentrism and
cultural relativism.
Your Map!


Before we discuss your own maps do the
following…
View the four different Maps shown. Rank them
from most realistic/correct (1) to least
realistic/correct (4)
Welcome Back!

Bell Ringer: Review with
your neighbor the
definitions cultural
relativism and
ethnocentrism.

Objectives: Through
analyzing pictures,
students will understand
cultural universalism and
multiculturalism.
Ways of looking at Cultures

Ethnocentrism is the principle of using one’s
own culture as a standard by which to evaluate
another group or individual, leading to the view
that cultures other than one’s own are
abnormal.
Who wants a snack?
Cicadas,
grasshoppers, and
other insects on
skewers
for sale in
Donghaumen Night
Market in Beijing,
China.
55
Ways of looking at Cultures



Cultural relativism is the principle of
understanding other cultures on their own
terms, rather than judging according to one’s
own culture.
When studying any group, it is important to try
to employ cultural relativism because it helps
sociologists see others more objectively.
Cultural Universals are basic needs and social
experiences found in all societies, past and
present
Looking at Culture(s)


Sociologists who study culture often focus on
their own cultures.
Some sociologists, however, engage in the
process of “othering,” by studying unusual,
extraordinary, or deviant cultural groups.
Beauty activity



Define the term “beauty”
How do you judge
beauty?
Can you measure beauty?

Cultural Universals are
basic needs and social
experiences found in
all societies, past and
present


Looking over your list
again, identify which
picture you thought was
the “most beautiful.”
Why?
Can beauty be universally
measured?
Good Morning!
Bell Ringer…


Define “othering”
Define cultural universals
Good Morning!

Bell Ringer…

Write a reflection on
Beauty and its cultural
significance.
Variations in Culture


Although much research
focuses on the differences
between cultures, there is
also tremendous variation
within a culture.
Multiculturalism values
diverse racial, ethnic,
national, and linguistic
backgrounds and so
encourages the retention of
cultural differences within
society, rather than
assimilation.

Universal Beauty
Good Morning…

Bell Ringer…


If you have a paper
money on you, get it out
and count it.
Be aware of “how” you
count it.
Today’s Objectives

Through readings,
students will identify
variations within a
culture and evaluate the
role of cultural relativism
in one’s society.
Activity…

With your neighbor, discuss the scenario given
to you. Look at it in an ethnocentric view and a
cultural relativist view.

With your neighbor,
discuss the reasons
behind the decision to
resort to canibalism.
Bell Ringer


Write down what you are
wearing right now and
what you ate in the last
24 hours.
Think of the types of
food you eat and the
clothes you wear, where
does it come from?


How do you think
Culture spreads?
Objective: by
interpreting a Big Mac,
students will understand
how culture no only
spreads but how it shape
society.
Cultural change through
McDonalds??
Bell Ringer


Review with your
neighbor examples of
cultural change.
Objectives: Through a
reading, students will
understand the
components of
McDonaldization.
A lesson on cultural change


How does culture
change?
Cultural Lag: When
cultural elements change
more quickly than others,
causing which may
disrupt the cultural
system.







Technology
Discovery
Invention
Population
Diffusion
Physical environment
Wars and conquests.
As you observe






How would you describe this in detail?
How is it used, bought, sold?
Who benefits from it? Who suffers from it? How does it directly
relate to your life?
Does this object exist in other countries? How is it used? Is it
altered in anyway when used elsewhere?
How do you think it has changed over time?
What other aspects of social life has changed as a result of this?
Good Morning!


Bell Ringer….What did
you have to drink this
morning? Coffee? Juice?
Do you think having
these drinks is an
American tradition?

Objectives: Through a
reading, students will
understand the
components of
McDonaldization.
Cultural diffusion


Cultural Diffusion: the spreading of a cultural
trait (material object, idea, or behavior pattern)
from one society to another
Diffusion can also be viewed as a cultural
‘exchange’
“McDonaldization of Society”

“The process by which
the principles of the fast
food restaurant are
coming to dominate
more sectors of
American society as well
as the rest of the world.”

So by going to a fast
food restaurant, one can
see how our culture has
been affected not only in
terms of consumption
but how we run our daily
lives…
Let’s break McDonald’s down into five
segments that have affected culture…



Efficiency -The ability to reach a specific goal
rapidly and with the least amount of cost or effort.
Calculability- the emphasis on products that can
be counted quantified, and calculated leading to the
notion that quality is equal to the quantity of the
product. “Bigger is better” As well, emphasize the
quicker, the better.
Predictability- to be rational and without surprise.
We need to know what to expect. Remember when
Coke changed its recipe!


Control through nonhuman technology
(Robots!!!)- Humans no longer have to think. Just
follow the manual! Everything is prepackaged, premeasured and convenient. Think of scanners at the
grocery store.
Irrationality- The result of the previous four. One
would think you were saving time but are you really?
Think of waiting in line! The packaged food filled
with preservatives, the packaging that’s hurting the
environment.

How has
McDonaldization
affected the culture of
family life? What rituals
have changed?



Family no longer has to
gather, invent new ways
to be a family?
Is the ritual of cooking,
eating together, and
sharing disappearing?
Do we like small groups
of people controlling
these systems of control?
Concerns?

“This homogenizing effect threatens to create a
"monoculture." A monoculture is the idea that
everywhere you go will be like everywhere else.
Walking the streets of Beijing, Hong Kong,
Venice, Paris, Barcelona, San Francisco, and
Zurich becomes a similar experience: Starbucks,
McDonalds, Burger King, and Pizza Hut.”
Welcome Back!


Bell Ringer!
List the 5 components of MacDonaldization.
Good Morning!

Bell Ringer: With your
partner give examples
from the video where the
5 components of
McDonaldization has
been used.

Activity: Complete
video/and question
sheet.