Transcript Traditional Folk Dance and Costume

TRADITIONAL FOLK
DANCE AND COSTUME
IN
TURKEY
TRADITIONAL COSTUMES IN
TURKEY
Clothing was first introduced to protect man from the elements. It has come
by its present forms as a result of the influence of social and moral values.
With the passing time, a wide variety in forms of clothing emerged. These
differences were the result of social and economic structure, geography, the
materials available and climate.
In the very earliest times, everyone in a particular tribe would wear clothes
that defined his or her social status. More than an obligation, this was an
understanding carried on by tradition. Clothing and eben hair styles reflected
this same conception.
Traditional clothes and finery provide considerable information about the
workings of a society. Clothes indicate whether societies are settled or
nomadic, and are a source of information abourt historical events and
ethnological origins. For example, in Yöruk or Turkoman villages, one can tell
whether a woman is engaged, married or a widow from the way in which she
does her hair.
TRADITIONAL COSTUMES IN
TURKEY
Daily, work and special day clothes are different. Hair styles during a
wedding and after the bridal chamber differ. In markets, it is easy to
identify which village people live in just from their clothes.
Today in Anatolia, there are differences even between the clothing
worn in different neighborhoods of the same village.
It is therefore inadvisable for the art historian, sociologist, folk
dance arranger or designer to speak in terms of "Traditional Turkish
costume.”
Research led by sociologists from the Folk Culture Research and
Development General Directorate of the Ministry of Culture has
revealed that Anatolia possesses a wide range of clothing.
TRADITIONAL COSTUMES IN
TURKEY
Men who leave their villages to do their military service or to take up
employment inevitably adapt to city culture. Field research therefore faces
problems when it comes to defining men’s clothing. But in rural areas, women
generally have little contact with the outside world. They tend to dress in
conformity with the lifestyle and traditions of the community of which they
are a part. Dress and decoration tends to follow that of preceding
generations. Children’s clothes also differ according to sex and age. The
concept of the evil eye is widespread, and one can observe many amulets to
ward it off in peoples’ clothes and hair.
In conservative communities, each generation follows the clothing styles and
customs of earlier generations, which is how traditional clothing and styles
have come down to the present day. Yet it is nevertheless impossible to say
that traditional clothing and finery are totally unchanging. The materials
employed certainly do change, and the efforts put into clothes are no longer as
painstaking as before. Contemporary conditions create different styles, and
interaction between different fashions is quite intense.
TRADITIONAL COSTUMES IN
TURKEY
In rural areas, women spend most of their time with
working. As a result, their daily, work and special day
clothes are different. Special costumes and hair
dressings are only to be seen at wedding ceremonies.
Women’s hair styles differ in accordance with their
social status, and whether they are married or engaged,
or not. Hair style is an important feature of women’s
lives.
Clothes and finery are a concept of physical culture and
are part of the way that popular culture changes, and
are also affected by that same process of change.
JEWELLERY AND ORNAMENTS
Embellishment, or the use of jewellery and ornaments, appeared in very early times,
based either on a belief in or need for decoration, and has today become a living
tradition.
Jewellery was made by small tribes with the natural materials available where they
lived, in accordance with their beliefs and customs. It became a part of their tradition
and was endowed with symbolic meanings. Jewellery made of stone, metal, wood, bone,
fabric, glass or leftover materials are examples of this cultural heritage.
The tradition of using jewellery and ornaments to complement traditional clothing still
exists in traditional societies. The jewellery and ornaments used at wedding ceremonies
in Anatolia differ according to the importance of the couple about to be married. For
example, on the "henna night" (a party for a bride-to-be during which she and the other
guests henna their hands and fingers, generally held one day before the wedding
ceremony itself) the bride wears no ornaments, her clothes and jewellery being worn by
another girl. It is considered inappropriate for a young girl to adorn herself before
marriage, although she will do so before leaving her father's house, either to give a
favorable impression or for protection from the evil eye. Jewellry and ornaments are
also worn by children and adult males.
Although some traditions are about to disappear, there is a growing interest in using
jewellry in accordance with authentic fashion.
TURKISH FOLK DANCE
Turkish dance refers to the folk dances of Turkey. On the
border between Europe and the Middle East, facing three
seas, straddling important trade routes, Turkey has an ancient
and complicated culture, reflected in the variety of its dances.
However its dance traditions are dominated by the influence
of the Ottoman Empire. The dominant dance forms are types
of line dance. Turkey is divided into these cultural regions,
which have distinctive dance styles: Trakya (European Turkey),
Marmara (on the coast of the Sea of Marmara, Karadeniz
(North-central, on the coast of the Black Sea), Central
Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, and Southeastern Anatolia.The
costumes worn by the dancers are often very colorful is
representing happiness, or either very dull when doing a slow,
depressing dance.
TURKISH FOLK DANCE
Places, Dancers, Preparations and Reasons for the Performance of Folk
Dances:
Folk dances are performed at weddings, engagement ceremonies, when
sending young men off to perform their military service, at national and
religious festivals, after victories, going to and coming back from from the
high plateaus and at meetings such as ferfene, yaren talks, barana or sira
gezmesi.
Dances are generally performed in all suitable open areas, but may also be
performed in close areas as well.
People who enjoy reputations as good folk dancers are especially invited to
wedding ceremonies. These are respectable people who have knowledge of
that region’s music and folk dances. Folk dances owe their rich variety of
moves to such people, who happily improvise while performing in order to
show off their skills. In this way, dances are successfully passed on to
people who may or may not be capable of dancing themselves, especially the
young ones.
TURKISH FOLK DANCE
Folk Dance Traditions, Beliefs, Legends and
Stories:
Some dances reflect natural events or daily life,
and others treat social events and matters of the
heart. For example, the Kimil dance from Urfa
province portrays a kind of pest that harms the
crops and the way that villagers attempt to deal
with it. Other dances refer to other stories.
TURKISH FOLK DANCE
Costumes, Instruments and Names of Folk Dances:
People wear daily or special costumes in line with the
reasons behind the particular dance.
In Turkey folk dance is invariably accompanied by
musical instruments. In some regions, women perform
also folk dances to the accompaniment of folk songs.
Folk dances are named after their creators,
geographic regions, or the natural events or stories
they relate.
TURKISH FOLK DANCE
Folk Dances By Subject Matter :
Folk dances may be divided into those that describe the
relationship between man and nature,those that dealing with
rain, mist and rivers, describing plants, defining numbers,
describing the relationship between man and animals and
taking social events such as fighting war, love and courtship
as their subject matter. Then there are those that reflect
the ceremonies performed when a young man is about to go
to do his military service. There are dances about
agriculture, the harvest and damaged crops. Other dances
describe different occupations, such as shepherds. Men can
perform dances that mirror the everyday lives of women.
Then there are dances that describe daily tasks such as
baking bread and milking, and others that describe a
production procedure such as spinning yarn.
TURKISH FOLK DANCE
Different types of group dances in different
regions:
There are many different types of folk dances
performed in various ways in Turkey, and these
reflect the cultural structure of each region. The
bar in Erzurum province, the halay in the East and
Southeast, the hora in Trakya, the horon in the
Black Sea and spoon dances in and around Konya
are the best known examples of these.
MELİS
MELİSÖVEREL
ÖVEREL
6/BCLASS
CLASS
6-B
575
575