Transcript Essentials of Sociology, 7th Edition

Essentials of
Sociology
9th Edition
Chapter 3: Socialization
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1
Socialization
Chapter Overview
What is Human
Nature?

Agents of Socialization

Resocialization

Socialization into the
Self, Mind, and
Emotions

Are We Prisoners of
Socialization?

Socialization into
Gender

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2
Socialization
What is Human
Nature?
 Nature vs. Nurture
 Isolated Children (Isabelle)
 Institutionalized Children (Skeels and Dye)
 Deprived Animals (Harlow Monkeys)
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3
Socialization
In Sum…
...Society Makes Us Human
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4
Socialization
Cooley – Looking Glass Self
(Socialization Process)
1) We imagine how we appear to others
2) We interpret their reactions
3) We develop a self-concept
 It’s a life-long process as we are continuously
involved in the development of the self
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5
Socialization
Mead and Role Taking
(Socialization Process)
 Children go through three stages in the
development of the self
1) Imitation –Children imitate significant others
2) Play – “Dressing Up”
3) Games – Generalized Other – What the groups
thinks about the individual; the individual takes
on multiple roles
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6
Socialization
Socialization
and Emotions
 6 basic global emotions – Paul Ekman
 The expression of emotions differs from culture to
culture
 Our culture controls the emotions within us
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7
Socialization
Gender
Messages
 Gender Messages in the Family
 The Peer Group
 Gender Messages in the Mass Media
 Television and Movies
 Video Games
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8
Socialization
Agents of Socialization
 The Family –Kohn Study
 School and Peer Groups –Adler Study
 Religion
 Day Care
 The Workplace –Anticipatory Socialization –
“Trying on a role before one enters it”
 Sports
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9
Socialization
Resocialization and Total
Institutions

Resocialization occurs when one learns a new set of
norms, values, attitudes and behaviors to match their
new situation in life. This can be very mild to very
intense.
 Total institutions (a term coined by Erving
Goffman) are places where people are cut off from the
rest of society and come under control of the officials
who are in charge.
 People go through degradation ceremonies in total
institutions.
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10
Socialization
Socialization Through the
Life Course





Childhood-birth to about 12
Adolescence-13 to 17 years old
Transitional Adulthood-18 to 29 years old
The Middle Years-30 to 65 years old
The Older Years-65 years and Up
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11
Socialization
Are We Prisoners of
Socialization?
 Sociologists Do Not Think So
 Socialization is Powerful, but the Self is
Dynamic
 Individuals Are Actively Involved in the
Construction of the Self
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12
Socialization