Transcript Interactions among Organisms

Interactions
among
Organisms
Types of Interactions
• Intraspecific relationship – organisms
of the same species interact with one
another
• Interspecific relationship – the
interaction is between species of
different kind
Determine whether the following
picture/s shows an intraspecific
relationship or an interspecific
relationship
Beneficial or Harmful
Relationships
Symbiosis
Living Together
Symbiosis
• Means living together
• Symbiotic relationship may be
a) Mutualism
b) Commensalism
c) Parasitism
Mutualism
• Kind of relationship where two
organisms benefit from each other
• Examples are…
Continuous Association
Transitory Association
Commensalism
• A relationship in which one species
benefits while the other is neither
benefited nor harmed
• Commensal – the organism that benefits
• Host – the organism which is neither
harmed nor benefited
• Examples are…
Barnacles and Whales
• Barnacles need a place
to anchor. They must
wait for food to come
their way. Some
barnacles hitch a ride
on unsuspecting
whales who deliver
them to a food source.
This does not effect
the whale in any way.
Shark & Remora
•The remora
attaches itself to the
shark and saves
energy since it
doesn’t have to
swim, and it gets to
snack on the sharks
kills. The shark
doesn’t get
anything.
Parasitism
• A type of relationship where one organism
benefited while the other organism is
harmed
• Parasite – the organism that is benefited
• Two kinds of parasites : internal and
external
• Host – the organism that is harmed and it
is also where the parasite lives
• Examples are…
Loa Loa Worm & Human
•This worm
infects the
human blood
stream and gets
a nice warm safe
home there. The
human may go
blind or have
other
complications as
a result.
Tapeworms
• The definitive host of the
cucumber tapeworm is a dog or a
cat (occasionally a human). Fleas
and lice are the intermediate
host. the dog or cat becomes
contaminated when the eggs are
passed in the feces, and the flea
or louse ingests the eggs. The
dog or cat (or human) is infected
when they ingest a flea or
louse. Hence the importance of
controlling fleas on your pet!
Bedbugs
•
Bedbugs are small,
nocturnal parasites that
come out of hiding at
night to feed on
unsuspecting
humans. They feed
exclusively on
blood! Their bites often
result in an allergic
reaction.
EXTRA PRACTICE ACTIVITY
In the following activity, you will be given a
picture scenario. Identify and select the
symbiotic relationship (parasitism, mutualism,
or commensalism) represented in the picture.
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In this photo the “cleaner fish”
receives nourishment by dining
off of the parasites and
remaining food debris in the
eel’s mouth. Is this an example
of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
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Clownfish are frequently found in
the tentacles of sea anemones. Sea
anemones capture their prey by
paralyzing them with their
tentacles. However, the clownfish
produces a mucus that prevents
the tentacles from harming it. By
dwelling amongst the tentacles the
clownfish receives a protected
home. This relationship is an
example of …
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
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The birds in the picture are
munching on tiny parasitic
insects located on the rhino.
The relationship between the
birds and the rhino is an
example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
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Lampreys are primitive fish with
limited digestive systems. They
attach to and feed on the body
fluids of fish with more advanced
digestive systems, often leading
to the death of the host fish. This
relationship is an example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
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Orchids grow on the branches
of high trees. These orchids
get more water and sunlight
than those on the ground. The
tree is unaffected by the
orchid’s presence. This
relationship is an example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
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That’s
CORRECT!
Keep up the
great work!