Transcript 4-軟體動物類圖鑑(全).

頭足類等圖鑑
一、頭足類：
烏賊(cuttlefish)、魷魚(squid, calamary)、
鎖管(squid)、章魚(octopus)、透抽(neritic squid)等。
二、其它類：
水母(jellyfish)、海參(sea cucumber)、
海膽(urchin)、海綿 (sponge)、珊瑚(corallium)、
海綿(sponge)、水螅(hydras)等。
魷魚squid
Squid have differentiated from their ancestral
molluscs in such a way that the body plan has
been condensed antero-posteriorly and
extended dorso-ventrally. What before may
have been the foot of the ancestor is now
modified into a complex set of tentacles and
highly developed sense organs, including
advanced eyes similar to those of vertebrates.
The shell of the ancestor has been lost, with
only an internal gladius, or pen, remaining.
Gaint squid in
Melbourne Aquarium
The majority of squid are no more than 60 cm long, although
the giant squid may reach 13 m in length. In 2003 a large
specimen of an abundant but poorly understood species,
Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni (the Colossal Squid) was
discovered. This species may grow to 14 m in length, making
it the largest invertebrate. It also possesses the largest eyes
in the animal kingdom. Giant squids are featured in literature
and folklore, with a frightening connotation. The Kraken is a
legendary tentacled monster possibly based on sightings of
real giant squids. A Colossal Squid, weighing 495 kg and
about 10 meters long, was caught by a New Zealand fishing
vessel off the coast of Antarctica in February 2007.
玄妙微鰭烏賊
日本槍烏賊
Gaint squid
基隆海域特有之鎖管類
萊氏擬烏賊
Sepioteuthis lessoniana
蘇門答臘槍魷魚
Loliolus sumatrensis
(Nipponololigo sumatrensis)
尤氏槍魷魚
Loliolus uyii
(Nipponololigo uyii)
火槍魷魚
Loliolus beka
(Nipponololigo beka)
西伯加槍魷魚
Uroteuthis sibogae
(Photololigo sibogae)
杜氏槍魷魚
Uroteuthis duvacelii
(Photololigo duvacelii)
；
劍尖槍魷魚(真鎖管)
Uroteuthis edulis
(Photololigo edulis)
中國槍魷魚
Uroteuthis chinensis
(Photololigo chinensis)
烏賊cuttlefish
日本無針烏賊
耳烏賊
四盤耳烏賊
烏賊cuttlefish
烏賊cuttlefish
Cuttlefish average 30 cm long and live for only
about 18 months. They are nocturnal animals
that feed at night using tentacles, and keep
hidden during the day. Cuttlefish eat small fish,
crab and shrimp. The cuttlefish is also
chameleon-like because they too can change
colors to match their surroundings and hide
from predators.
金烏賊
棘邊烏賊
長槍烏賊
長槍烏賊的卵
橙邊烏賊
彼氏烏賊
圖氏后烏賊(片尖后烏賊)
菜氏擬烏賊
菜氏擬烏賊卵
螢烏賊
螢烏賊表面發光器
經常食用之烏賊類—軟薯與花枝(台語)
軟薯—背鞘如魷魚(左)
花枝—背鞘白而硬如鞋底(右)
玄妙微鰭烏賊
章魚octopus
章魚octopus
The octopus (Greek, 'eight-legs') is a cephalopod of the order
Octopoda that inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean,
especially coral reefs. The term may also refer to only those
creatures in the genus Octopus. In the larger sense, there are
289 different octopus species, which is over one-third of the
total number of known cephalopod species.
Octopuses move about by crawling or swimming. Their main
means of slow travel is crawling, with some swimming. Their
only means of fast travel is called jet propulsion.
They crawl by walking on their arms, usually on many at once,
on solid surfaces, while supported in water. In 2005 it was
reported that some octopuses can walk on two arms on a solid
surface, while at the same time imitating a coconut or a clump
of seaweed.They swim by expelling a jet of water from a
contractile mantle, and aiming it via a muscular siphon.
章魚octopus
眞章魚
眞章魚的卵囊
砂章魚
短章魚
紅章魚
東章魚
海參sea cucumber
刺參(仿刺參)
刺參(仿刺參)
黑參(仿刺參)
海參sea cucumber
The sea cucumber is an echinoderm of the class
Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin,
which is found on the sea floor worldwide. It is so named
because of its cucumber-like shape. Like all echinoderms, sea
cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, but this
can actually be absent in some species.
Sea cucumbers are generally scavengers, feeding on debris in
the benthic layer. (There are only a few exceptions to this, most
notably a few pelagic cucumbers and the species Rynkatropa
parson, which has a commensal relationship with deep-sea
angler fish.) The diet of most cucumbers consists of plankton
and decaying organic matter found in the sea.
海膽
urchin
海刺蝟(海膽)
Sea urchins appeared on earth around 500 millions years ago. Nowadays
they are often used as models for exploration of the development process
in living organisms. A classical biology course will cover in vitro fertilization
of urchin eggs and their observation. It is possible to obtain eggs and
sperm from mature sea urchins, although there's a little problem: male and
female specimen are difficult to identify - but in some species, males are
darker (less colored) than females. Eggs and sperm are released from the
five gonads, through the gonopores on the opposite side of the mouth
(top). Eggs are orange-colored and sperm is white. Eggs can be diluted
immediately with sea water, but sperm must be aspirated from the pore
and stored like this. The two samples can be cooled separately and used
until two or three days later for fertilization by mixing eggs and sperm very
diluted in sea water.
扁平擬球海膽(公的排精)
馬糞海膽群
馬糞海膽
海膽urchin
馬糞海膽
細雕刻肋海膽
紫從海膽
哈氏刻肋海膽
水母jellyfish
蝦水母
Jellyfish are over 95 percent water and do not have gills, a heart,
blood or a brain. Even though their organs are limited, they still
retain the sense of taste and smell. Jellyfish cannot see objects,
but can sense the difference between dark and light areas. The
body of the jellyfish is called the bell, in reference to its shape.
Many jellyfish also have stinging tentacles which can span over
100 feet in length. These tentacles are used to sting and capture
prey. Jellyfish feed mainly on small animals called zooplankton.
For more information on jellyfish visit the Jellyfish Lake page.
水母jellyfish
水水母
美髯水母
陽傘水母
海綿
sponge
網狀海綿
網狀海綿
海綿
sponge
網狀海綿
壺形海綿
The sponges or poriferans (Latin "pore" and "to bear") are
animals of the phylum Porifera. They are primitive, sessile, mostly
marine, water dwelling, filter feeders that pump water through their
bodies to filter out particles of food matter. Sponges also excrete
sperm cells through these holes. Sponges represent the simplest
of animals. With no true tissues (parazoa), they lack muscles,
nerves, and internal organs. Their similarity to colonial
choanoflagellates shows the probable evolutionary jump from
unicellular to multicellular organisms. There are over 5,000
modern species of sponges known, and they can be found
attached to surfaces anywhere from the intertidal zone to as deep
as 8,500 m (29,000 feet) or further. Though the fossil record of
sponges dates back to the Neoproterozoic Era, new species are
still commonly discovered.
珊瑚corallium
草莓珊瑚
側孔仿珊瑚
仿珊瑚(深孔珊瑚)
台灣擁有美麗、珍貴的珊瑚礁海岸。 根據調查結果顯示，因
河囗附近很容易遭受河水沖刷帶來過多的沈積物，使得附近
海水混濁而不適合珊瑚生存。故珊瑚礁大多分布在綠島、蘭
嶼、小琉球、澎湖群島等離島，以及本島的恆春半島、東北
角、東部海岸的三仙台等地。珊瑚是由許多珊瑚虫(水螅體)聚
合生長的一種群體生物(但有少數珊瑚為單一水螅體)。屬於腔
腸動物門。而依其骨骼特性分為石珊瑚及軟珊瑚類。前者具
分泌碳酸鈣形成堅硬群體的能力，絕大部分為造礁珊瑚；後
者不分泌大量的鈣質骨骼，但代之以鈣質骨針束支撐身體。
綠島珊瑚礁岩奇景(上)
大西洋海底珊瑚林景(右)
菊石珊瑚是如
何增加珊瑚蟲
的？從這張照
片中可以找到
線索
Pillar Coral
南灣珊瑚產卵奇景
新奇生物novel biobes
廈門文昌魚
水螅Hydras
海草莓
腔腸動物中僅有少數是淡水產均屬水螅綱。其中包括一種具群體型者，
產於美東少數河水中；一種水母與鉤手水母相似，散在世界各地之池沼與
河流中，還有一種單體的波利普體(即水螅Hydras)，唯有後者乃多數淡水
中最易獲得者。一般水螅綱動物，其波利普體概固看於水底不能移動，但
是水螅即時刻在運動，牠能由基部慢慢滑動，一日之間可行數吋；但亦能
作較快的翻筋斗，由於觸手及基部輪替與固著物接觸而向前運動。是一種
有性生殖與無性生殖之動物。
魷魚解剖圖
魷魚squid
阿根廷魷魚
海葵類(Actiniaria)