Transcript Invertebrate Power Point Sponges to Earthworms File

I. Introduction to
the Animal
Kingdom
A. Symmetry and Body Plan
Symmetry- similarity of form or shape
around a point, line or on both sides of a plane
1. Spherical symmetry- all sections around
a point are similar. I.e. a golf ball
2. Radial symmetry- all wedge shaped
sections around a vertical line are similar.
I.e. A wheel or starfish
3. Bilaterial Symmetry- one plane divides
the body into equivalent parts
Animal Orientation
Dorsal
Anterior
Posterior
Ventral
B. Characteristics of the
Animal Kingdom
1. Multicellular & Eukaryotic
2. Heterotrophic & Lack cell walls
3. Most are capable of movement at some
point in their lifecycle
4. Cells are organized into tissues
5. Some animals have organs and organ
systems
II. Classification of Animals
A. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Animals with pores on their bodies
Not a Real Sponge!
Real Sponge!
1. Characteristics
a) Many Pores
b) Radial Symmetry
or none
c) All are aquatic,
most are marine
d) Sponges are filter
feeders. They suck
in water that carries
microscopic
organisms
Venus Flower Basket: note glass skeleton
I’m not a real sponge anatomically
or physiologically, but my friend to
the right is! You’ll have fun
learning about him!
2. Body Plan
Epidermis- outer layer cells for protection
Mesoglea- non-living jelly like layer
Ameobocytes- cells that digest food
and deliver nutrients to other cells,
produce gametes and form spicules
Spicules- for skeleton of the sponge
Collar cells (choanocyte) for feeding
and movement of water
3. Ecological Roles
a) Man uses them as cleaning tools
b) Animals use them as shelter and
some use them for food
c) Painters and surgeons use them
because of their superior absorption
B. Cnidaria animals with stinging cells
Polyp body form
Medusa body form
B. Phylum Cnidaria
1. Characteristics
a) Radial Symmetry or none
b) Two body plans
1) Polyp: vase-shaped body, tentacles up, sessile
2) Medusa: bell-shaped body, tentacles down,
free living
c) All have stinging cells called nematocysts
d) All are aquatic, most are marine
e) 1st animals to have muscle and nervous
tissue
2. Body Forms
3. Ecological Role
a) Coral and coral reefs provide homes for
other living organisms
b) Coral reefs protect shore line areas from
wave action
c) Reefs are important breeding areas for
aquatic life
d) Cnidarians are predators and some can kill
a man
C. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Animals
with Flat Bodies
1. Characteristics
a) Bilateral Symmetry
b) Flat bodies
c) Three living layers of tissue: Ectoderm,
Mesoderm and Endoderm
d) Some show cephalization- concentration
of nerve tissue at the anterior end
2. Three Major Classes
a) Class Turbellaria- free living planaria
Eye spots
Ganglion
Gastrovascular cavity
Pharynx
Nerves
b) Class Trematoda- Parasitic Flukes
Oral sucker
Gastrovascular
Cavity
Nerves
Ventral sucker
c) Class Cestoda- Parasitic
tapeworms
Hooks
Suckers
Testes
Ovaries
Proglottids
3. Ecological Roles
a) Planarians can be food for other animals
b) Many flatworms are plant and animal
parasites
Fluke Life Cycle:
Tapeworm Life cycle:
D. Phylum Nematoda (Round worms)
1. Characteristics
a)
b)
c)
d)
Inhabit soil, saltwater and freshwater
Bilateral, Secondary Radial symmetry
Body is cylindrical and tapered at both ends
Have a psuedocoelom- layer between the
mesoderm and internal organs, filled with fluid
e) Cuticle- tough outer layer that prevents the host
from digesting the worm
f) One-way digestive tract with a mouth and an
anus
g) Contains a longitudinal network of muscles and
nerves
h) Most are plant and animal parasites, few are
free living
2. Life cycle of a Hookworm
3. Ecological Roles
a) About a billion people around the world are
infected with worms
b) Nematodes destroy crops
Roundworms can be a big problem!
E. Phylum Annelida:
Segmented worms
1. Characteristics
a) Segmented- rings around body
b) True Coelom- body cavity lined with
cells. Tissues hold organs in place
c) Bilateral symmetry
d) First group to have true organ systems:
Digestive, Circulatory, and Excretory
2. Earthworm Body Plan
3. Ecological Role
a)
b)
c)
d)
Important food source for animals
Fertilize and aerate soil
Used as bait
Leeches are used in the medical field