Transcript MB Chapter 06

Chapter 6
•Marine Animals
Without
Backbones
Protista
•Single cellular
eukaryotes &
multicellular algae
Protozoa
•Heterotrophic of
animal-like
protists
Foraminiferans
•Protozoan with a
calcium
carbonate shell
Radiolarians
•Protozoan with
a glass shell
Ciliates
•Protozoan with
hairlike structures
on its surface that
is used for mobility
Pseudopodia
•False feet
•Oozing
cytoplasm
Ooze
•Fine sediment
on the ocean
floor
Calcareous Ooze
•Fine sediment
made up of calcium
carbonate
Siliceous Ooze
•Fine sediment
from silicates or
silicone dioxide
Diatomaceous
Ooze
•Fine sediment from
diatom shells
Foramaceous Ooze
•Fine sediment made
from the shells of
forams
Radiolarian Ooze
•Fine sediment
made from
radiolarian shells
Animalia
•Multicellular complex
heterotrophs
•No cell wall
•No Chloroploasts
Vertebrates
•Animals with
backbones
Invertebrates
•Animals
without
backbones
Sponge
•Phylum:
Porifera
Characteristics
• Simplest animal, No true
tissue, Little symmetry,
Pores, Sessile as adult,
protein skeleton, spicules,
regeneration, sex & asex
Spongin
•Protein
skeleton in
sponges
Spicules
•Glass barbs emitted
by sponges when
you rub against one
Sessile
•Attached to
a surface
Osculum
•Opening at the top
of a sponge
•Water forced out
through osculum
Suspension
Feeders
•Organisms that
feed on suspended
particles
Filter Feeders
•Organisms that
filter particles out
of the water
Types of Sponges
•Boring Sponge
•Glass Sponge
•Encrusting sponge
•Bath sponge
Jellies
•Phylum: Cnidaria
•Coelenterata
•Jellies, coral, sea
anemones, hydras
Characteristics
• Tissue but no organs,
transparent jelly-like
body, radial symmetry,
tentacles, stinging cells
• sexual & asexual
Medusa
•Bell shaped
drifting body
with tentacles
hanging below
Polyp
•Tubular shaped body
•Attached to a surface
at one end
•Tentacles point out
Radial Symmetry
• Symmetry like a circle
or ball, one slice may
be cut out of the circle
that is identical to other
slices
Nematocysts
•Stinging cells
Planula
•Larval stage of
Cnidarians that is
planktonic
Classes of
Cniderians
•Hydrozoa
•Anthozoa
•Scyphozoa
•Siphonophora
Hydrozoa
•Willowy polyp
•Hydras
Anthozoa
•Muscular polyp
•Sea anemones,
& coral
Scyphozoa
•Medusa
•Jelly fish or
jellies
Siphonophora
• Floating colonies with
gas filled bell &
hanging tentacles
• Portugese Man-of-war
Comb Jellies
•Ctenophora
•Radially
symmetrical with
eight rows of cilia
Flat Worms
• Phylum: Platyhelminthes
• Organs & crude systems,
Bilateral symmetry,
flattened body
Bilateral Symmetry
• Bodies are arranged
into two identical halfs
• Left & right
Cephalization
•Head formation
•Anterior end
•Anterior: front end
•Posterior End: rear end
•Dorsal: Upper surface
•Ventral: Lower surface
Round Worms
•Phylum: Nematoda
•Good system formation,
mostly parasitic, bilateral
symmetry, head
formation, many species
Segmented Worms
• Phylum: Annelida
• Segmented body, good
systems, parapodia
Others:
• Spiculida: peanut worms
• Pogonophora, bearded worms
• Chaetognatha: Arrow worms
• Bryazoa: mossy animals
• Brachiopoda: lamp shells
Molluscs
•Phylum:
Mollusca
Characteristics
•Soft body, muscular foot,
rasping tongue, mantle,
bilateral symmetry, well
developed brain, sexual
reproduction
Mantle
•Thin layer of tissue
that produces the
shell
Radula
•Small ribbon of teeth
used to rasp material
off a surface
•Rasping tongue
Classes of Molluscs
•Gastropoda
•Bivalvia
•Cephalopoda
•Polyplacophora
Gastropoda
•Stomach foot
•Snails & slugs
Bivalvia
•Two shells
•Clams, oysters,
scallops, & mussels
Cephalopodia
•Head foot
•Octopus & Squid
Polyplacophora
•Turtle like
•Chitons
Byssal Threads
•Strong threads
secreted by mussels
that attach to hard
surfaces & hold
mussels in place
Arthropods
•Phylum: Arthropoda
•Insects, spiders,
crustaceans, etc
•Armored achievers
Characteristics
•Segmented body, jointed
legs, exoskeleton,
antenna, metamorphosis,
bilateral symmetry, molts
Crustacea
•Subphylum of Sea
insects
•All characteristics
including gills
•Crabs, lobsters, etc.
Types of Crustaceans
• Copepods
• Amphipods
• Isopods
• Barnicles
* Krill
* Decapods
* Horseshoe crbs
* Sea spiders
Copepods
•Microscopic
crustaceans
•Extremely abundant
Amphipods
•< 1 inch long
•Beach hoppers
•Sand crabs
Isopods
•Same size as
amphipods
•Pill bugs, roly-poly
bugs
Barnicles
•Filter feeders that
attach to a surface
•Cone shaped when
attached
Krill
• Planktonic shrimp-like
crustaceans < 5 cm
• Very abundant
• Whale food
Decapods
• Ten legged crustaceans
we love to eat, scavengers
& bottom feeders
• Crabs, lobsters, shrimp,
crawfish, etc.
Zoea
•Larval stage of a
crab
Echinoderms
• Phylum:
Echinodermata
•sea stars, sea urchins,
sea cucumbers, etc
Characteristics
• Penta-radial symmetry,
water vascular system,
endoskeleton, tubular
feet, spiny skin,
regeneration
Classes of Echinoderms
• Asteroidea
• Ophiuroidea
• Echinoidea
• Crinoidea
• Holothuroidea
Asteroidea
• Muscular stars
• Normal star fish
Ophiuroidea
• Brittle stars
• Willowy stars
Echinoidea
• Spiney stars
• sea urchins & sand
dollars
Crinoidea
• Feathery stars
• Crinoids
Holothuroidea
• Tubular stars
• Sea cucumbers
Others
• Hemichords: acorn worm
• Protochords: spinal cord,
but no backbone
• Urochords: tunicates
• Cephalochords: Lancelets
Chordata
• Spinal cord