Transcript FISHx

Fish Classification
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
 Class
Agnatha ( Jawless Fish)
 Class Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous Fish)
 Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish)
 Fish first appeared in the Earth’s oceans 540 MILLION
years ago.
 Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates
 Characteristics:
 SCALES
 FINS
 THROATS WITH GILL SLITS
LAMPREY
HAGFISH
JAWLES FISH
 1.) These fish are the most PRIMITATIVE of all
fishes (THEY ARE THE OLDEST!)
 2.) NO JAWS, SCALES, and PAIRED
FINS.
 3.) The entire skeleton is made of CARTILAGE.
 Meaning these fish do not have any BONES.
JAWLESS FISH
 4.) The main form of support these fish have is from
the NOTOCHORD.
 5.) Examples: LAMPREY and HAGFISH
JAWLESS FISH
 6.) LAMPREY has a suction-cup mouth, which is
surrounded by sharp teeth. This mouth will attach to
a fish and scrapes away at the fish’s skin.
 The lamprey then sucks up the TISSUES of its
victim!
JAWLESS FISH
 7.) The hagfish uses four to six short TENTACLES
that sound its nostrils and mouth as its sensory organ
for TOUCH.
 8.) The hagfish feeds on DEAD or dying fishes by
TEARING out pieces of the fish with its tongue
and teeth-like structures.
TIGER SHARK
GREAT WHITE SHARK
BULLNOSED RAY
CARTILAGENOUS FISH
 1.) Cartilaginous fishes mainly include SHARKS,
RAYS, and SKATES.
 2.) Sharks have a skeleton made of CARTILAGE
 with toothlike
SCALES covering their bodies (makes
their skin feel like sandpaper).
 3.) The body of a shark includes:
TORPEDO-SHAPED BODY
 b. CURVED TAIL
 c. ROUNDED SNOUT WITH MOUTH
UNDERNEATH
 a.
CARTILAGENOUS FISH
 4.) Sharks have
3,000 very long teeth arranged in
many rows inside its mouth.
MOLLUSCS and
CRUSTACEANS have FLATTENED
teeth that help them CRUSH the shells of their
 5.) Sharks that eat
prey.
 6.) The bodies of skates and rays are
FLAT.
CARTILAGENOUS FISH
 7.) Skates and rays have two LARGE,
BROAD
fins that stick out from their sides. They beat these
fins to MOVE through the water.
 8.) Rays and skates often lie on the ocean FLOOR
where they HIDE by using their fins to cover their
bodies with sand.
 9.) Some rays have a poisonous SPINE at the end of
their long, thin tail, which is mainly used for
DEFENSE rather than for catching PREY.
ROCK BASS
BROOK TROUT
BLUEGILL SUNFISH
CARP
FLATHEAD CATFISH
NORTHERN PIKE
STRIPED BASS
COELACANTH
YELLOW PERCH
ATLANTIC SALMON
BONY FISH
 1.) These fish have a skeleton made up of
HARD BONE.
 2.) There are two main categories of bony fishes:
LOBE- FINNED bony fishes
 b.) RAY- FINNED bony fishes
 a.)
 3.) Ray-finned bony fishes include
and SEA
PERCHES
HORSES.
 4.) COELACANTHS are the only living
species of lobe-finned bony fishes.
 5.) Bony fishes have an SWIM
BLADDER.
 This gas-filled sac gives bony fishes BUOYANCY
or the ability to FLOAT in water.
 By inflating or deflating its swim bladder, a fish can
float at DIFFERENT levels in the water.
 So why do fish “belly up” when they die?
 6.) Tuna travel in large numbers called SCHOOLS.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzZhSl_00pI&feature=related
1.) Circulatory System:
 CLOSED circulatory system, where BLOOD is
contained within blood vessels.
 GILLS will provide the oxygen
 Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body:
ATRIA
 Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body:
VENTRICLE
2.) EXCRETORY SYSTEM
 Tube-like KIDNEYS that filter nitrogen-
containing WASTES from the blood.
 Most fishes get rid of the nitrogen-containing wastes in
the form of AMMONIA.

This accumulation of ammonia is why you must always check
the water quality of your aquariums!
AQUARIUM NITROGEN CYCLE
3.) SENSORY DETECTION
 Since fishes do not hear sounds very well, fish can
detect faint CURRENTS and VIBRATIONS
in the water through a “ DISTANT - TOUCH”
system.
 Many fishes have a great sense of smell and taste. A
shark can detect the presence of one drop of
BLOOD in 115 liters of seawater.
FISH REPRODUCTION
 EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
 The female lays EGGS in water, and the MALE
will cover the eggs in sperm to allow for fertilization
OUTSIDE of the body.
 Examples: SALMON
 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/the-
lifecycle-of-salmon/enhanced-video-resource/7395/
FISH REPRODUCTION
INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
 Fertilization will take place in the female’s body and
the female will lay a FERTILIZED egg.
 Examples:
SHARKS
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
FRESHWATER VS. MARINE FISH