Transcript No Slide Title - Effingham County Schools

Invertebrates
Starfish
Arthropods
Mollusks
Insects
Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
4 Characteristics that ALL animals share:
1. Be multicellular – composed of more than 1 cell
2. Be Eukaryotic – have a nucleus and other
organelles in each cell
3. Be Heterotrophic – Consume or eat food
4. Have no cell walls
Animals carryout 7 essential functions to
survive.
1. Feeding- all animals must obtain food
2. Respiration- all animals must take in
oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
3. Circulation- all animals must have a
system of transporting oxygen, nutrients
and waste
4. Excretion- all animals eliminate waste
5. Response-most animals have nerve cells or a
nervous system to respond to stimuli.
6. Movement- most animals have muscles or
muscular/skeletal systems for movement or they
have a way to move or circulate water for feeding.
7. Reproduction-most reproduction is sexual using
haploid gametes
Concept Map
Section 26-1
Animals
are
have
are
carry out
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
cells
Heterotrophs
Essential
functions
with
such as
No cell walls
Feeding
Respiration
Circulation
Excretion
Response
Movement
Reproduction
From simple groups of animals to more complex groups, the
body characteristics that develop:
A. Cell specialization- animal have different types of cells
which have special structures to perform special tasks.
B. Levels of organization - animal bodies are organized to
carry out complex functions1. Cells form tissue
2. Tissues form organs
3. Organs form organ systems
Levels of Organization
Section 7- 4
Muscle cell
Go to
Section:
muscle tissue
Organ
Organ system
C. Body symmetry, 2 types
1. Radial- simple animals; body parts repeat around
center
2. Bilateral- complex animals; body has two equal
halves which allows for cephalization and a coelom
– Cephalization- sense organs are concentrated
near front
– Coelom = Body cavity- most animals have an
internal space for organs to be cushioned and
protected.
Figure 26–5 Body Symmetry
Section 26-1
Bilateral
Radial
Posterior end
Dorsal side
Anterior end
Ventral side
Complex
Simple
D. Similar Early Development –In most animals,
zygote divides to form a hollow ball of cells called
a Blastula. The blastula develops 3 layers of cells
called germ layers
1. Endoderm- innermost, forms digestive tract and
respiratory system.
2. Mesoderm- middle, forms muscles, circulatory
and reproductive systems
3. Ectoderm- outer, sense organs and skin
• Blastopore- hole that will form mouth or
anus
B. Animals are separated into 2 groups:
1. Invertebrates- have no backbone, largest group,
many phyla.
2. Vertebrates- have a backbone, one phylum
Phylum Chordata
Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates
Section 33-1
Nonvertebrate chordates
(4%)
Mammals
(8%)
Birds
(18%)
Reptiles
(14%)
Amphibians
(9%)
Fishes
(47%)
The Vertebrates
1. Vertebral Column – (developed from the outer
portion of the notochord)
2. Endoskeleton of cartilage or bone that grows with
the animal
3. Brain encased by skull
4. Complex organ systems
Echinoderm
Ancestor
Notochord and Hollow Nerve chord,
Classification of the 7 living classes:
1. Class Agnatha – Jawless fishes. Lamprey
- parasitic, Hagfish -scavengers.
a. Eel shaped, Jawless, sucker shaped
mouth, Cold –blooded, Only have a few
cartilage plates in their skull , External
fertilization, lay eggs in water, have gills
Hagfish
Digests decaying fish from inside out. Secretes huge
quantities of slime to defend itself. Ties itself in a knot to
get rid of slime
Most important evolutionary
event in animal history
2. Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous
fishes. Sharks, skates, rays.
a. Skeleton of Cartilage, Paired fins,
Cold-blooded, Tooth like scales on skin
called dermal denticles, moveable jaw
attached to skull, Internal & External
fertilization
Great White
Hammerhead
Tiger Shark
Blue Shark
Close Up of Shark Skin
3. Class Osteichthyes- Bony fishes. Perch,
trout, catfish, bass
a. Skeleton of bone, Gill cover called
operculum, Body covered by scales,
Cold-blooded, Most External
fertilization
Perch
Goldfish
4. Class Amphibia – Frogs, toads,
salamanders. (DOUBLE LIFE)
a. As larva, have gills. As adults, have
lungs and limbs adapted for life on
land. Reproduce in water & lay eggs in
water. Cold-blooded. Have moist skin &
usually do not have claws
The Life Cycle of a Frog
Metamorphosis- Major
body change over a life
time.
Section 30-3
Adult
Frog
Young
Frog
Adults are typically ready to
breed in about one to two years.
Frog eggs are laid in water and
undergo external fertilization.
Fertilized Eggs
The eggs
hatch into
tadpoles a
few days to
several
weeks later.
Tadpoles
Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, and
become meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults.
Tree Frog
Southern Toad
4 toed
salamander
Marbled
Salamander
5. Class Reptilia- Snakes, lizards, turtles,
and alligators.
a. Reproduce on land by laying leathery
eggs. The amniotic egg makes reptiles
the first group to be well adapted to life
on land. Dry, scaly skin with claws on
the toes. Well-developed lungs. Coldblooded
Eastern Diamondback
Rattlesnake
Snapping
Turtle
Gopher
Tortoise
6. Class Aves- Birds.
a. Have feathers and bodies adapted for
flight: Hollow or partly hollow bones,
Lungs & Air Sacs, Large Chest
Muscles. Reproduce by laying eggs
with calcium shell. Warm-blooded.
American Bald Eagle
7. Class Mammalia – Mammals.
a. Most young develop internally and are
nursed after birth on milk created by
mammary glands. Most have fur or hair
at some time during their lives. Welldeveloped brain. Warm-blooded
Hard Shells