Transcript Variety in the World of Animals

Kingdom Animalia
Zoology
Variety in the World of
Animals
Variety in cell number
 Protozoic – single-celled
 Metazoic – multi-celled animals
Variety in the World of
Animals
Variety in how energy is obtained
 Autotroph – makes its own food
from inorganic sources. Ex:
Plants, some bacteria, some
protists make their own food using
light energy
 Heterotroph – cannot make its
own food. They obtain energy by
consuming other organisms. Ex:
Animals, fungi, some protists,
some bacteria
Variety in the World of
Animals
Variety in symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
– an organism can
be cut in half in
only one plane and
have both sides
look alike. Most
animals as well as
humans have
bilateral symmetry.
Variety in the World of
Animals
Radial symmetry –
an organism can
be cut in half in
several ways
through the center
and the two halves
will still be alike.
Ex: starfish, sea
urchin
Variety in the World of
Animals
Asymmetry – an
organism whose
shape changes or
has such a great
variety in its shape
that symmetry is
not found. Ex:
amoeba
Phylum
Vertebrates (Phylum Chordata)
1.have a backbone (can be bone or
cartilage)
2.have a distinct head
3.have an endoskeleton
4.make up only 3% of all animals
5.includes birds, fish, mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians
Variety in Phylum
Invertebrates (make up 32
different phyla)
1. lack a backbone
2. do not have a cranium
3. may have an exoskeleton
4. over 2 million different species
5. includes insects, crustaceans,
mollusks, echinoderms, sponges,
and worms
Vertebrates
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Characteristics of all
vertebrates
1. have a spinal cord with a brain at the
anterior end
2. brain is protected by a skull
3. body has a backbone or notochord for
support
Characteristics of all
vertebrates
4. have an endoskeleton made of
bone and/or cartilage
5. have an axial and an appendicular
skeleton
6. have bilateral symmetry
7. have complex body systems
7 classes of vertebrates
1. Class Mammalia
2. Class Aves
3. Class Reptilia
4. Class Amphibia
5. Class Osteichthyes
6. Class Chondrichthyes
7. Class Cyclostomata
Class Mammalia
 Endothermic
 Breathe with lungs
 Have hair and
mammary glands
 ~ 4000 living
species
 Ex: cats, dogs,
rodents, apes,
elephants
Class Aves
Endothermic
Breathe with lungs
Have wings,
feathers, and two
feet
~ 9000 living species
Ex: eagles, robin,
penguins, emu
Class Reptilia
Ectothermic
Breathe with lungs
Have dry, scaly
skin
~ 6000 living
species
Ex: snakes, lizards,
turtles
Class Amphibia
Ectothermic
Soft, moist skin
Usually breathe
with gills in
younger stages;
most adults
breathe with lungs
~ 3000 living
species
Ex: frogs,
salamanders,
caecilians
Class Osteichthyes
Ectothermic
Aquatic with fins and scales
Breathe with gills
Skeleton is made partly or
wholly from bone
~ 21,000 living species
Ex: perch, bass, trout, tuna,
sea horse
Class Chondrichthyes
Ectothermic
Aquatic with fins
and scales
Breathe with gills
Have skeletons
made of cartilage
~ 800 living
species
Ex: sharks, rays,
chimaeras
Class Cyclostomata
 Ectothermic
 Aquatic
 Have slimy, scaleless
bodies
 Breathe with gills
 Have skeletons made
of cartilage
 Lack jaws
 ~ 45 living species
 Ex: lampreys, hagfish
Class Mammalia
All mammals
1. are warmblooded
2. have hair
3. have mammary glands
4. breathe air with lungs
5. have a four-chambered heart
Most mammals
1. have two pairs of limbs
2. have 7 neck vertebrae (exception:
sloth, manatee)
3. are born alive
Mammal reproduction
Mammals can be divided several
different ways depending on
how the young are born and
how they are nourished
Mammal reproduction
Type of birth
Viviparous – bear live young and nourish
them during development; most mammals
are born this way
Oviparous – after internal fertilization,
eggs are laid and incubated; the platypus
and echidna have young this way
Mammal reproduction
(3rd way is not found in mammals, but is
found in some reptiles)
Ovoviviparous – eggs are fertilized but
kept inside the mother, after eggs hatch,
live young come out
Mammal reproduction
Type of nourishment
Placental – developing young are attached to
the placenta in the uterus and are given
nutrients from the mother; after birth, the
mother continues to nourish the babies with
milk produced in mammary glands
Mammal reproduction
Egg-laying – developing young receive
nutrients from the yolk inside of the egg;
after hatching, they receive milk from the
mother for their nourishment
Pouched – young are born very tiny
(premature) and are kept in a pouch until
they are old enough to move around on their
own; milk is available to them inside the
pouch
Orders in
Class Mammalia
Tubilidentata
Eat ants; tubeteeth
One specie
Aaardvark
Dermoptera
Arboreal gliding
mammals
2 species
Flying lemur
Proboscidea
Mammals with
trunks
2 species
African elephant,
Asian elephant
Sirenia
Aquatic mammals
4 species
Manatee, dugong
Monotremata
Egg-laying
mammals
6 species
Platypus, echidna
Pholidota
Mammals with
horny scales
8 species
Pangolin
Hyracoidea
Defenseless
mammals with
padded feet
11 species
Hyrax
Perissodactyla
Odd-toed, hoofed
mammal
16 species
Horse, rhinoceros
Edentata
Toothless or pegtoothed mammals
31 species
Armadillo, sloth
Lagomorpha
Mammals with four
upper incisor teeth
63 species
Rabbit, pika
Cetacea
Marine mammals
84 species
Blue whale,
bottlenose dolphin
Primata
Tree-dwelling
mammals
166 species
Gorilla, ring-tailed
lemur
Artiodactyla
Even-toed hoofed
mammals
171 species
Giraffe, cow
Marsupialia
Pouched mammals
242 species
Koala, kangaroo
Carnivora
Flesh-eating
mammals
284 species
Lion, walrus, bear
Insectivora
Insect-eating
mammals
400 species
Mole, shrew
Chiroptera
Flying mammals
875 species
Gray bat, vampire
bat
Rodentia
Gnawing mammals
1687 species
Beaver, rat,
squirrel