Transcript SOCIAL WORK

SOCIAL WORK
Lecture 2
Definition
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Social work is a professional and academic
discipline that seeks to improve the quality of life
and subjective well-being of individuals, groups,
and communities through research, policy,
community organizing, direct practice, crisis
intervention, and teaching for the benefit of those
affected by social disadvantages such as poverty,
mental and physical illness or disability, and social
injustice, including violations of their civil liberties
and human rights.
История развития социальной
работы в США и Европе
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Octavia Hill:
Social housing and home visits
Mary Richmond: Social Diagnosis and Social
Casework
Jane Addams:
Settlement work in North America
Alice Salomon
Internationalisation of social work education
http://historyofsocialwork.org
Octavia Hill
(1838-1912)
Social housing and home visits
Octavia Hill believed that
a well-maintained home,
however small, with light,
air and space – and with
neighbours who care
about each other –
is one +of life’s main
necessities.
Octavia Hill and rejection of charitable
alms
Her intention was to provide help without alms (подаяние),
arguing that charity tended to be resented and served to keep
people on the margins of poverty.
“The people’s homes are bad, partly because they are badly built
and arranged, they are tenfold worse because the tenants’ habits
and lives are what they are. Transplant them tomorrow to healthy
and commodious homes and they would pollute and destroy
them”.
(1875)
Mary Ellen Richmond
(1861-1928)
With her book Social Diagnosis
(1917), Mary Ellen Richmond
constructed the foundations for the
scientific methodology
development of professional social
work.
The causes of poverty and social
exclusion are in the interaction
between an individual and his or
her environment.
“Social Diagnosis” (1917)
In modern social work, about everybody agrees there is
a need for diagnosis and research to happen before care
provision.
It was Richmond who systematically developed the content and
methodology of diagnosis in the period around 1910. Her first
principle was that care had to focus on the person within her or
his situation.
Her famous circle diagram visualised the correspondence of client
and environment.
Richmond’s circle diagram showing the
correspondence of client
and environment
Draw an ecomap!
An ecomap serves to capture the networks that
your client moves around in.
An ecomap stems from an idea borrowed from
zoology. In zoology, an ecological system is an entire
natural system that helps an animal or plant to survive.
Hence,an ecomap refers to a person’s your entire
Ecological network.
Sources of power
available to clients and their social
workers
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sources within the household
in the person of the client
in the neighbourhood
in wider social network
in civil agencies
in private and public agencies
What is social casework? (1922)
Mary Richmond introduced the methodology of
‘learning from cases’, i.e. elaborately described
practice situations.
 open and honest communication with
clients, without encumbering formalities
 strengthening the resilience of clients
 involving clients in the solving of their
problems
Jane Addams
(1860-1935)
Settlement work in North America
The Hull House group,
with their neighbourhood
work, contributed to a
more structural political focus.
They started from a profound
analysis of real situations.
Their research was a tool and
starting point for social
action.
Hull House ‘mapping’
In the Hull House maps and papers female activists
reported on the effects of concentration of different
ethnicities and their living conditions, about labour
circumstances in the sweatshops, about child labour.
This approach to ‘mapping’ contributed to the
emergence of the famous Chicago school in urban
sociology.
Alice Salomon
(1872-1948)
Internationalisation of social work education
Alice Salomon was a key
figure in the development
of social work in Europe
in the first half of the
twentieth century.
She saw care for the poor
as one area in which
women could
meaningfully do paid
work.
Alice Salomon
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In 1908 established the Soziale
Frauenschule (the Social Women`s School),
In 1925 started the Deutsche Akademie für
soziale und pädagogische Frauenarbeit
(German academy for social and educational
women`s work). Now it is Alice Salomon
University of Applied Sciences in Berlin.
“Social motherhood”
The idea of geistige Mütterlichkeit or `social
motherhood` was a resource for social care that was
exclusive to women.
Although upper-class women could be good at social
care, their backgrounds did not always prepare them
for the practical aspects of such work. This made
formal training necessary which could bring together
professional development, personal development and
emancipation.
Alice Salomon “Soziale Diagnose”
In 1926 AliceSalomon published her most important book: Soziale
Diagnose. Based on a European perspective, it was her version of
Mary Richmond`s work on social diagnosis.
In a very personal way, Salomon linked care with pedagogical
coaching. In this way she – and others – launched the typically
German development where Sozialarbeit (social work) and
Sozialpädagogik (social pedagogy) were closely related.
Practical Task
Ecomapping
Draw an ecomap!
An ecomap serves to capture the networks that
your client moves around in.
An ecomap stems from an idea borrowed from
zoology. In zoology, an ecological system is an entire
natural system that helps an animal or plant to survive.
Hence,an ecomap refers to a person’s your entire
Ecological network.
Richmond’s circle diagram showing the
correspondence of client
and environment
Ecomapping
Ecomapping
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Think of your friends from former times—from primary and secondary
school,etc.
Who do you keep contact with? How often? On which occasions?
Who would you invite to your wedding?
Who would you have sitting at your reunion dinner table?
Who would you visit, or who would visit you, during Hari Raya,
Deepavali, Christmas or other festivals?
Think of your favourite place in Singapore. Who would you like to meet
there?
How would you like spending your time? With whom?
Who lived in or near your street/block?
Ecomapping
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Scroll through your handphone number list. Who did you call
last week?
Who has left you voicemails?
Who sends you forwarded emails?
Who would you like to go on holiday with?
Who would you be comfortable borrowing money from?
Who has been with you during a crisis or a troubled time?
Who would you contact when feeling stressed, or when you
need advice?
Draw your own EcoMap
On another sheet, list down the resources each
of the people in your ecomap bring.
Feel free to use a format of your choice - be as
creative as you wish!
Pair up
Ecomapping
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Pair up
One assumes role as interviewer
Use your partners’ ecomap to apply the
resource finders
Be as active a listener as you can
After 10 minutes – switch roles