Document 683716
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Transcript Document 683716
Prepared by
Mrs Farkhunda Naz
DA Degree College Ph VI
Biology Deptt
Nutrition
Heterotrophic
Nutrition in
Animals
Types of heterotrophic Nutrition
Types of animals on the basis of
food
Holozoic Nutrition
Types of Digestion
Nutrition
Nutrition
Nutrition
Nutrition
Nutrition
in different animals
in Amoeba
in Hydra
in Planaria
in Cockroach
Nutrition
(also
called nourishment or aliment)
is the provision,
to cells andorganisms, of the
materials necessary (in the form
of food) to support life. Many
common health problems can be
prevented or alleviated with
a healthy diet.
Heterotrophic
nutrition is nutrition obtained by
digesting organic compounds.
Animals, fungi, many prokaryotes
and protoctists are unable to
synthesize organic compounds to use
as food. They are
called heterotrophs.
.
The four main types of heterotrophic nutrition are:
•Holozoic nutrition: Complex food is taken into a
specialist digestive system and broken down into
small pieces to be absorbed.
•Saprotrophic: Organisms feed on dead organic
remains of other organisms.
•Parasitism: Organisms obtain food from other
living organisms (the host), with the host
receiving no benefit from the parasite.
•Mutualism: A symbiotic relationship between
organisms, with each contributing and benefiting
from each other.
Detritivores
Predators
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
•Microphagus
feeders
• Macrophagus
feeder
• Fluid feeders
• Filter feeders
Holozoic
nutrition (Gr. holo, whole
+ zoikos, of animals) is a method
of nutrition that involves the
ingestion of liquid or solid organic
material, digestion, absorption and
assimilation of it to utilize it. This
method
suggests phagocytosis where
the cell membrane completely
surrounds afood particle.
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion
Extracellular
Digestion
Intracellular Digestion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Unicellular
Freshwater
organism
Microphagus Feeder
Intracellular digestion
Ingestion by pseudopodia
Two pseudopodia at the same time
formed cup like structure around the
food.
Food vacuole formed
Lysosomes
attached to food vacuole
Lysosomes secrete enzymes like proteases,
amylases and lipases in food vacuole
Food vacuole decreases in size due to water
loss
It increases acidity and PH becomes 5.6 and
Then 7.3
Fine canals produced from digestive vacuole
Absorption of food takes place by
micropinocytosis
Food is circulated throughout the cytoplasm by
cyclosis.
Multicellular
Diploblastic
Belongs
to phylum Cnidarians'
Macrophagus feeder
Aquatic animal
At the anterior end mouth surrounded with tentacles
which are used to capture the pray
In tentacles special cells Nematocysts are present
Nematocysts contains poison which paralyze the pray.
The
mouth of hydra opens into a cavity
called gastrocoel or enteron.
The endoderm contains two types of cells,
glandular and flagellated.
Glandular cells secrete proteolytic
enzymes , which are helpful in digestion
The flagellated cells and contraction of
body wall also help in digestion
Hydra cannot digest starch.
The digestion is extracellular as well as
intracellular
Flatworm
Belongs
to phylum Platyhelminthes
Carnivores
Tube like alimentary canal is present
It has three parts: mouth, pharynx and
intestine
When it takes food from outside, the pharynx
comes out from the mouth
Internally the pharynx opens into the
intestine, which divides into three branches
The
branching system is formed for digestion,
absorption and distribution of food
This system is called Gastro-Vascular system
The food is taken in through the mouth which
comes into the pharynx and then intestine
The enzyme act upon the food in the intestine
The digested food is absorbed by the branches
of intestine, which is distributed throughout
the body by diffusion
Digestion is both intracellular and extracellular
Insect
Omnivores
It
uses antennae in the search of food
Tube like alimentary canal present having
three parts
Fore gut or Stomodaeum
Mid gut or Mesenteron
Hind gut or Proctodaeum
Fore
gut consists of mouth, buccal cavity,
pharynx, oesophagus, crop and gizzard
Food ingest through mouth, then comes into
the pharynx , pass through the oesophagus and
then stores in the crop
Gizzard has thick lining for the grinding of food
The upper outer surface of mesenteron 6-8 club
shaped hepatic cecae arises which secrete
digestive enzymes
After digestion food is absorbed in mid gut
Hind
gut consists of three parts:
Short tubular Ileum
A long coiled colon
A broad rectum opening out through the
anus
The rectum absorbs and conserve s the
much needed water from the undigested
food before expelling out the faeces.
Q1: The nutrition which is obtained by digesting organic compounds is
called as
Holozoic
Heterotrophic
Autographs
Saprotrophs
Q2: There are five steps of holozoic nutrition: Ingestion, digestion,
absorption , assimilation and egestion.
True
False
Q3: The digestion in hydra is _______________ as well as ___
Q4: How many different parts of tube like alimentary canal are present in
cockroach?
Q5: The process of ingestion takes place by _______________ in amoeba.
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