Transcript Advanced APA - Writing Center - Writing Center

Numbers, Footnotes, Tables, Figures,
Appendices and Supplemental
Materials
By
Jessica Boykin, Writing Consultant
& Michael Frizell, Director
The Writing Center serves Missouri
State University by working with
students, faculty, and staff on their
writing projects.
Bear CLAW, Meyer 1st Floor
HOURS:
• Monday , Tuesday, & Thursday from 9 a.m. to 7
p.m.
• Wednesday from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.
• Friday 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
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assure a 45-minute
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Recommended:
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projects.
Students may
schedule an
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(recommended) or
call 836-6398.
Make an appointment online!
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Title Page*
Abstract*
Body
References*
Appendixes*
Footnotes*
Tables*
Figure Captions*
Figures*
APA Basics
Presentation
APA
Advanced
Presentation
Indicates
New Page
APA has strict rules about how numbers
are expressed in any document.
Sometimes numbers are
expressed in figures…
• (1, 2, 3.5)
…and sometimes, numbers
are expressed in words.
• (one, two, three and a half)
Any number 10 and above
Any number that appears
in the same paragraph
with a number 10 and
above, if it’s being
compared to the number
10 and above.
“15 traits on each of the
four/4 checklists”
Numbers that come just
before a unit of
measurement
(which is it?)
Statistics, mathematical functions, fractions, decimals,
percentages, rations, percentiles and quartiles
Times; dates; ages; sample, subsample, or population size;
subject and participant numbers; scores and points on a scale;
exact sums of money; and numerals as numerals
Exception: approximations (i.e. about three months ago)
Numbers in a series, like page numbers and table numbers;
each number in a list of four or more numbers
All numbers in the abstract of the paper
Below10 but
not precise
AND
• only compared
with numbers
lower than 10
Zero and one,
if they are
easier to
comprehend
in word form
Any number
that begins a
title,
sentence, or
heading
• One-line
sentence
• (but try to avoid
starting these
with a number)
Universally
accepted
usage
Common
fractions
• Ten
Commandments
 Combine
figures with words to express
back to back modifiers
• i.e. 2 two-way interactions
• Unless this makes it
even more confusing!
Use a 0 before the
decimal if the
number could equal
1
For example,
0.25 cm
Don’t use a 0 when
the statistic cannot
equal 1
For example, in
correlations,
proportions, and
levels of statistic
significance
Two Kinds of
Footnotes
Copyright
Permission
Content
Content Footnotes Should
Represent
Only One Idea
Be Concise
Be Necessary
Copyright Permission Footnotes Accompany
Lengthy quotations, scale and test items, and
reprinted tables and figures.
Footnotes are numbered with
superscript Arabic numerals.1
Always put the footnote after the
punctuation, unless
•it precedes a dash or
•only pertains to information inside of
parentheses.
Footnotes
1This
is what the Footnotes page
should look like in the Appendix.
2There is a ½ inch tab before each
footnote listed. If a footnote is longer
than one line, the next line is flush left.
The footnotes must be double-spaced.
3All footnotes, content footnotes and
copyright permission footnotes are
listed together on the footnotes page.
When to use a table, and what to put in it, can be challenging
questions. The APA Manual (2001) advises "tables that communicate
quantitative data are effective only when the data are arranged so
that their meaning is obvious at a glance" (p. 148).
Each table should have an individual title, italicized and in title
case. Example: Correlations Between Age and Test Scores
Each table should begin on a separate page.
All elements of the table should be double spaced.
All tables should be referenced in the text of the paper.
Tables should be last, after your reference list and
appendixes.
.
Avoid vertical
lines.
Use white space
within columns
to separate
individual
listings.
Always double
space tables
Tables must be named
with an Arabic numeral.
• Example:
• Table 1.
If the table is in the
Appendix, it will have a
capital letter before the
numeral.
• Example:
• Table B1.
Don’t make the column
headings too much wider
than the column entries.
• (For aesthetic
sake)
If a cell is
blank
because
the
information
is not
applicable,
•leave
the cell
empty!
If the
information
is
applicable,
but it was
not
obtained,
•put a
dash in
the blank
cell.
You must explain in the General Note
why you did not obtain the information!
GENERAL NOTE
Basically, a table
footnote.
Use a superscript
lowercase letter to
indicate a specific
note.
PROBABILITY NOTE
Qualifies, explains,
or provides
information from
the table, followed
by explanations of
abbreviations in the
table.
SPECIFIC NOTE
GENERAL NOTE
Begins with “Note.”
About statistical
findings.
SPECIFIC NOTE
Basically, a table
footnote.
Use a superscript
lowercase letter to
indicate a specific note.
SPECIFIC
NOTE
PROBABILITY NOTE
Probability Notes are about statistical findings.
Used to specify the p-value of a particular statistical test.
EXAMPLE: If you have some results that are significant at the p = .05 level
and others that are significant at the p = .01 level, put different symbols
next to those results in the table, and provide an explanatory note of your
symbols underneath the table. Begin probability notes with the symbol to
be defined and end them with a period, THUS: *p < .05. **p < .01.
PROBABILITY
NOTE
Text and graphics should
always be concise and
never repetitive
Use decked heads, or
stacked column headings,
to avoid repetition
Temporal Lobe
Right
Left
…any illustration that is not a table!
Graphs
show relationships and give comparisons involving a set of data.
Charts
show relationships between parts in a group.
…like tables, named
with Arabic numerals.
NOTE:
 With both figures and tables, never say “the table
above,” etc., because the placement may change!
LEGENDS
•Legends are placed in the axis area of the
figure.
•They are photographed in (not typeset). In
other words, they are PART OF THE GRAPH!
CAPTIONS
• Captions are typeset.
• is both the title and the explanation of a
figure.
• Figure captions will have their own page in
the Appendix.
Figure Captions
Figure 3. Fixation duration as a function
of the delay between the beginning of
eye fixation and the onset of the
stimulus in Experiment 1.
* Footnotes, tables, and figures will be numbered in
the order that they are presented in the text.
An
appendix
will include
information
that is
valuable to
your
article, but
could be
distracting
to readers
if it is put in
the text.
…a mathematical proof
…a large table
…a list of words
…a sample of a questionnaire
or survey instrument used in
the research
…a computer program.
There can be more than one appendix.
Label each with a capital letter.
Example: Appendix A.
Treat the Appendix like a new paper.
Use level headings, tables,
and figures.
Label tables and figures
with the title of the
appendix preceding the
Arabic numeral.
EXAMPLE: Figure A1.
All appendix tables and figures must be cited within
the appendix and numbered in order of citation.
Text of the Appendix
should begin flush left,
followed by indented
paragraphs
 Web-based, online
archives
supplemental
Computer
codes
Audio or
video
clips
Oversized
tables
Color
figures
Supplemental
materials must be
sent with the
document and peer
reviewed
They don’t just let
you put any link up!
Level One is Centered, Boldface and Capitalized
Level Two is Flush Left, Boldface and Capitalized
Level three is indented, boldface and lowercase, and
punctuated.
Level four is indented, boldfaced, italicized, and
punctuated.
Level five is indented, italicized, and punctuated.
The 6th edition has
made levels of
heading so much
easier!
Now just use labels
in the order they
are numbered:
1,2,3,4,5.
Michael Frizell
Director
michaelfrizell@
Missouristate.edu
836-5006
Bear CLAW
Meyer 1st Floor
WEB:
Writingcenter.
Missouristate.edu
836-6398
Supplemental
Instruction
WEB:
SI.Missouristate.edu