Transcript chapter 5 database

PREPARED BY: PN. SITI HADIJAH BINTI NORSANI
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Upon completion of this course, students
should be able to:
Understand the structure of relational
database.
List the advantages of managing data
using database software.
Identify the basic features of database
software.
List the difference between database and
spreadsheet software.
WHAT IS A DATABASE?
Collection of data organized so you can
access, retrieve, and use it.
 Database software also called database
management system (DBMS).
 Many people use databases to store
and organized personal information
such as addresses, music and video
collection – much more efficient than
using sheets of paper or index cards.

Create
forms and
reports
Sort and
retrieve
data
Database
software
allows you to
Add, change,
and delete
data
Create
database
Basic Concepts of Relational
Database Structure
Every organization has data that needs
to be collected, managed, and analyzed.
 A relational database fulfills these
needs.
 The relational model is the basis for any
relational database management
system.
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A relational model has three core
components:
 A collection of objects or relations
 Operators that act on the objects or relations
 Data integrity methods.

In other word, it has a place to store the
data, a way to create and retrieve the
data, and a way to make sure that the
data is logically consistent.
Type of Databases
Flat file database: Store information in
one large table, and often contain
duplicate information. Not flexible or
efficient for storing large amounts of
information
 Relational databases: Store information
in separate tables, and enable you to
use relationships to bring together
information from different tables. This
type is powerful and flexible, and it
effectively stores large amounts of
information.

Database Benefits.
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Databases store and manage collections of
information related to a particular subject or
purpose.
Efficiently add, update, view and organized the
information stored in a database.
Can instantly locate information in a database.
Create a table to hold your data, forms to enter
and display the information, queries to ask
questions of your data and generate reports
that can be printed or distributed electronically.
Useful for finding specific data in large
collection of information.
Features of Database Software

Part of a Database
Access databases consist of objects
such as tables, queries, form, report,
macros, and modules.
Tables: Is a collection of
related information about a
specific topic.
Modules: Are programs
created in a programming
language called Visual
Basic for Application
(VBA).
Macro: Saves your time
by combining a series of
actions into a single
action
Queries: Enable you to
find information of interest
in a database.
Form: Provide a quick way
to view, enter, and modify
information in a database
by presenting information
in an easy-to-use format.
Reports: Are professionallooking documents that
summarize data from your
database.
Plan a Database
Determine
the
purpose of
the
database
Determine
the Tables
that you
need
Determine
the Fields
that you
need
Determine
the
Relations
hip
between
Tables
Difference between Database
and Spreadsheet software
Most people are familiar with some kind
of spreadsheet, such as Microsoft Excel.
 Spreadsheet are easy and convenient to
use, and they may be employed by an
individual much like a database is used
in the enterprise.
 Similar to database, spreadsheets are
commonly used to store information in a
tabular format.

A spreadsheet can store data in rows
and columns, it can link cells on one
sheet to those on another sheet, and it
can force data to be entered in a specific
cell in a specific format.
 It’s easy to calculate formulas from
groups of cells on the spreadsheet,
create chart, and work with data in other
ways.

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But there are many ways in which a spreadsheet is
not like a traditional database table:
Spreadsheet
Database
Usually, only one datatype
More than one datatype can be stored in a
can be stored in a database
spreadsheet column.
table column.
Cells in a spreadsheet can be defined as a Column in a database table
formula, making the contents variable
have a fixed value.
depending on other cells.
A spreadsheet has only the physical row
number to make it unique, and no built-in
way to enforce uniqueness of a given
spreadsheet row.
Single row of a database
table are uniquely identified
by a unique value.
A corrupt spreadsheet cannot usually be
repaired.
There are many tools for
repairing and recovering
databases.
To be continue…
Next class…