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Primer on Statistics
for Interventional
Cardiologists
Giuseppe Sangiorgi, MD
Pierfrancesco Agostoni, MD
Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, MD
What you will learn
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Introduction
Basics
Descriptive statistics
Probability distributions
Inferential statistics
Finding differences in mean between two groups
Finding differences in mean between more than 2 groups
Linear regression and correlation for bivariate analysis
Analysis of categorical data (contingency tables)
Analysis of time-to-event data (survival analysis)
Advanced statistics at a glance
Conclusions and take home messages
There are only 10 attitudes
towards binary numbers:
There are only 10 attitudes
towards biostatistics:
There are only 10 attitudes
towards binary numbers:
either you understand them or not
There are only 10 attitudes
towards biostatistics:
either you practice it or you ignore it
Statistics is just like PCI
• Nobody was accomplished and quick the first time
he took a guiding (or even diagnostic!) catheter in
hand: now look at yourself and what you have
done in interventional cardiology!
• Keep on criss-crossing between
published papers, your own data,
your own analyses and chit-chat with
colleagues or (even would-be)
expert: it helps a lot on the long-term
• Keep focused and work on what you
like and what you need
Helpful websites
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http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/anova1u.html: I use it routinely to do
ANOVA online
http://home.clara.net/sisa/index.htm: thorough but easy going, focused
on analyses and sample size computations
http://members.aol.com/johnp71/javastat.html: with many useful links for
statistical analyses and sample size computations
http://www.cdc.gov: provides Epi-Info and StatCalc freewares
http://www.metcardio.org: for those with a specific interest in metaanalyses
http://www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa/statistics/twoby2.htm: I use it
routinely to do chi-square and Fisher exact tests online
http://www.randomization.com: ideal to create your own randomization
lists
http://www.resample.com/content/software/excel/download.shtml:
provides tools for home-made resampling analyses
http://www.virtualstatistician.com/link-63.html: very comprehensive,
sometimes too focused on methods and dry
Softwares
Freewares:
• Epi-Info
• R
• RevMan
Proprietary softwares:
• BMDP
• LogXact
• Minitab
• S-Plus
• SAS: most comprehensive and complex
• SPSS: user-friendly but rather rigid (nonetheless our 1st choice)
• STATA: high-quality graphs, top-notch for meta-analysis
• Statistica
• StatsDirect
• StatXact
Thank you for your attention
For any correspondence:
[email protected]
For further slides on these topics feel
free to visit the metcardio.org website:
http://www.metcardio.org/slides.html