Transcript OFC_presentation

Optical Fiber
& OF Cables
THE PRESENTATION
What this presentation is about?
This presentation is about giving a broad idea about the
concepts of Optical Fiber and OF Cables, (OPGW, Lashed
cables, ADSS, Under Ground & Duct Cables ) without
going into the deep technicalities. So that as and when
OF is being discussed the person who has attended this
presentation is able to understand and follow the
discussion.
Brief Flow of the Presentation.
1. What are Optical Fibers?
2. Advantages / Disadvantages of OF….
3. Various Types of OF Cables. Their
Construction , Specifications etc…
4. Some Test Equipments & Instruments
used in OF Communications.
HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF
FROM ANCIENT GREEKS
TO
21ST CENTURY
WHAT ARE OPTICAL FIBERS ?
Optical Fibers are thins long (km) strands of ultra pure glass
(silica) or plastic that can to transmit light from one end to
another without much attenuation or loss.
The glass used to make Optical Fibers is so pure that if the
Pacific Ocean was filled with this glass then we would be
able to see the ocean bottom form the surface….!!!!
This is to be believed as repeater distances on long haul
routes for optical fibers vary from 50 to 150 km.
Q.) And how deep is the Pacifica ocean?
Ans) At the deepest point called the Marina Trench, The
pacific ocean is all of just 13km deep…..!!!!!
Working of Optical fibers?
The light source (LAZER) at
the transmitting (Tx) end is
modulated by the electrical
signal and this modulated
light energy is fed into the
Optical Fiber.
At the receiving end (Rx)
this light energy is made
incident on photo-sensors
which convert this light
signal back to electrical
signal.
Why Optical Fibers ?
As mans need and hunger for communication increased, the amount of
bandwidth required increased exponentially.
Initially we used smoke signals, then horse riders for communicating. But
these ways were way to slow and had very little bandwidth or data caring
capacity.
Then came the telephone and telegraph that used copper wires for
communication. But soon demand out striped the capacity and capability of
copper wires and data transport got added to voice communication. Then
came Coaxial copper cables, VHF and UHF Radios, Satellite but demand
still outstripped the supply.
It was not until Optical Fibers came on the scene that
large amount of communication bandwidth became
economically and easily available to everyone.
As an example 50,000 voice / data circuit copper cable
is massive in size and very expensive, while a single
Optical Fiber, the diameter of human hair, can carry
5,00,000 circuits of voice and data. This capacity is
increasing day by day as supporting electronics is
developing. In itself the capacity of Optical Fibers is
limitless.
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS
1.
VERY HIGH INFORMATION CARRING CAPACITY.
2.
LESS ATTENUATION (order of 0.2 db/km)
3.
SMALL IN DIAMETER AND SIZE & LIGHT WEIGHT
4.
LOW COST AS COMPARED TO COPPER (as glass
is made from sand..the raw material used to make
OF is free….)
5.
GREATER SAFETY AND IMMUNE TO EMI & RFI,
MOISTURE & COROSSION
6.
FLEXIBLE AND EASY TO INSTALL IN TIGHT
CONDUICTS
7.
ZERO RESALE VALUE (so theft is less)
8.
IS DILECTRIC IN NATURE SO CAN BE LAID IN
ELECTICALLY SENSITIVE SURROUNDINGS
9.
DIFFICULT TO TAP FIBERS, SO SECURE
10. NO CROSS TALK AND DISTURBANCES
DISADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS…
1. The terminating equipment is still costly as compared to copper
equipment.
2. Of is delicate so has to be handled carefully.
3. Last mile is still not totally fiberised due to costly subscriber premises
equipment.
4. Communication is not totally in optical domain, so repeated electric –
optical – electrical conversion is needed.
5. Optical amplifiers, splitters, MUX-DEMUX are still in development stages.
6. Tapping is not possible. Specialized equipment is needed to tap a fiber.
7. Optical fiber splicing is a specialized technique and needs expertly
trained manpower.
8. The splicing and testing equipments are very expensive as compared to
copper equipments.
APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERS…
1. LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION BACKBONES
2. INTER-EXCHANGE JUNCTIONS
3. VIDEO TRANSMISSION
4. BROADBAND SERVICES
5. COMPUTER DATA COMMUNICATION (LAN, WAN etc..)
6. HIGHT EMI AREAS
7. MILITARY APPLICATION
8. NON-COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS (sensors etc…)
SPECIFICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERS…
SINGLE MODE OF
MULTI MODE OF
COMPARISION WITH OTHER MEDIA /
TECHNOLOGIES
VARIOUS TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER CABLES
1. OPGW Cable
2. ADSS type OF Cable
3. Self-Support AERIAL figure 8 type OF Cable
4. LASHED type OF Cable
5. UNDERGROUND / BURRIED type OF Cables
6. DUCT Type OF Cable
OPGW CABLES
ADSS type OF CABLES
AERIAL Figure 8 type OF Cable
Specifications of AERIAL Figure 8 type OF
Cables
LASHED type OF Cable
OVERHEAD FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION
OPGW
WRAP AROUND
ADSS
UNDERGROUND / BURRIED type OF Cables
Specifications of UNDERGROUND / BURRIED
type OF Cables
DUCT Type OF Cable
Specifications of DUCT Type OF Cable
TEST AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
OTDR
SPLICING MACHINE
OPTICAL TALK SETS
MECHANICAL SPLICE
TOOL KIT
POWER METER,
LASER SOURCE,
ATTENUATOR
SOME MANUFACTURERS OF OPTICAL
CABLES

Furukawa
 Fujikura
 LG Cables
 Corning
 Philips-Fitel
 Pirelli
 TTL
 Sterlite Cables
Thank You