Transcript BUS 92 CHAPTER 4x

Communicating
across Cultures
Chapter 4
© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Importance of
Intercultural Skills
2
The Importance of Intercultural
Communication
Global Markets
Global Connectivity
Intercultural Workforce
3
Intercultural Communication Matters
Global
Markets
Mergers, acquisitions, and
buyouts stir growth beyond
national boundaries.
American companies in global
markets must adapt to
other cultures.
New trade agreements,
declining domestic markets,
and middle-class growth
drive global markets.
4
Intercultural Communication Matters
Advances in logistics and
transportation reduce
distances.
Information technology has
changed they way we do
business.
The Internet permits instant
communication across time
zones and continents.
Global
Connectivity
5
Intercultural Communication Matters
Intercultural
Workforce
Immigration makes
intercultural communication
increasingly necessary.
Business communicators must
learn to adapt to an
intercultural workforce.
Multinational companies and
diversity at home require
culturally savvy workers.
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Developing Cultural Intelligence
Culture
includes the shared values, norms, rules, and
behaviors of an identifiable group of people who
share a common history and communication
system.
national, organizational, team
4-7
Developing Cultural Intelligence
Cultural intelligence (CQ)
a measure of your ability to work with and adapt
to members of other cultures.
© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
4-8
Cultural Intelligence
in the Workplace
4-9
Respect, Recognize, and Appreciate
Cultural Differences
Cultural intelligence is built on attitudes of
respect and recognition of other cultures.
This means that you view other cultures as
holding legitimate and valid views of and
approaches to managing business and
workplace relationships.
4-10
Be Curious about Other Cultures
Study abroad
Learn a language
Develop friendships with international
students on your campus
Take an interest in culture and routinely learn
about it
4-11
Take an Interest in a Culture and
Routinely Learn About It
 Watch films, television, documentaries, news,
and other video of the culture
 Follow the business culture of a country
 Take courses and attend events related to
particular cultures
 Make friends with people who live in other
cultures and communicate online
4-12
Avoid Inappropriate Stereotypes
Projected cognitive
similarity
the tendency to
assume others have
the same norms and
values as your own
cultural group.
Outgroup
homogeneity effect
the tendency to think
members of other
groups are all the
same.
4-13
Bridging the Gap Between Cultures
Practice
See the world through
Tolerance
another’s eyes
Open-mindedness
Empathy
Adjust Your Conceptions of Time
People high in CQ show patience
They understand that most tasks take longer
when working across cultures because more
time is needed to understand one another
and cooperate effectively
© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
4-15
Manage Language Differences
Avoid quickly judging that others have limited
communication proficiency
Articulate clearly and slow down
Avoid slang and jargon
Give others time to express themselves
Use interpreters as necessary
4-16
Improving Intercultural
Communication
Learn foreign phrases.
Use simple English.
Speak slowly and
enunciate clearly.
Observe eye messages.
Encourage accurate
feedback.
Check frequently for
comprehension.
Accept blame.
Listen without interrupting.
Smile when appropriate.
Follow up in writing.
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Bridging the Gap: Saving Face
Respect the image a
person holds in his or her
social network.
In high-context cultures
opt for indirectness to
help preserve harmony.
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Bridging the Gap: Patience
Be patient
Wait and listen
Embrace silence
Recognize the effort
non-native speakers are
making
19
Improving Intercultural
Communication
Consider local formats.
Observe titles and rank.
Use short sentences and
short paragraphs.
Avoid ambiguous
expressions.
Strive for clarity.
Use correct grammar.
Cite numbers carefully.
Accommodate reader in
organization, tone, and
style.
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Cultural Contrasts in Written Business
Communication
American
Japanese
Arab
Cultural
Objectives
Provide
information
Seek
information,
offer proposal
Exchange
information
Opening
State objective
directly
Offer thanks,
apologize
Issue personal
greeting
Body
Present facts
and plans of
action, direct
approach
Pose
questions,
solicit
information
Provide background data,
use indirect
approach
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Cultural Contrasts in Written Business
Communication
American
Persuasion Immediate
gain or loss of
tools
opportunity
Style
Urgency, short
sentences
Closing
Affirmative,
specific
requests
Cultural
values
Efficiency,
directness,
action
Japanese
Arab
Waiting
Personal
connection,
future
opportunity
Elaborate
expression
Modesty,
minimize
position
Maintain
harmony,
future
relationship
Politeness,
indirectness,
relationship
Future
relationship,
personal
greeting
Status,
continuation,
recognition
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Making Ethical Decisions Across
Borders
Broaden your view of other
cultures.
Avoid reflex judgments.
Find alternatives.
Refuse business if options
violate your basic values.
Conduct all business openly.
Resist lawful but
unethical strategies.
Don’t rationalize shady decisions.
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Individualism and Collectivism
Individualism
Figure 4.2
a mind-set that prioritizes
independence more highly than
interdependence, emphasizing
individual goals over group goals,
and valuing choice more than
obligation
4-24
Individualism and Collectivism
Figure 4.3
Collectivism
a mind-set that prioritizes
interdependence more highly
than independence, emphasizing
group goals over individual goals,
and valuing obligation more than
choice
4-25
Communication Practices in High Individualist
and High Collectivist Cultures
4-26
Egalitarianism and Hierarchy
Egalitarianism
Believing in the principle that all people are
equal and deserve equal rights and
opportunities.
4-27
Egalitarianism and Hierarchy
Egalitarian cultures
People tend to distribute and share power evenly,
minimize status differences, and minimize special
privileges and opportunities for people just
because they have
higher authority
4-28
Gender Egalitarianism
Gender egalitarianism
deals with the division of roles between men and
women in society
4-29
Egalitarianism and Hierarchy
Figure 4.5
Hierarchical cultures
people expect power
differences, follow leaders
without questioning them, and
feel comfortable with leaders
receiving special privileges and
opportunities
4-30
Communication Practices in Egalitarian and
Hierarchical Cultures
4-31
Communication Practices in High and Low
Gender-Egalitarianism Cultures
4-32
Building and Maintaining CrossCultural Work Relationships
Establish Trust and Show Empathy
Adopt a Learner Mind-set
Build a Co-Culture of Cooperation and
Innovation
4-33
Capitalize on Workplace Diversity
Seek training.
Understand the value of
differences.
Don’t expect conformity.
Learn about your cultural self.
Make fewer assumptions.
Build on similarities.
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34
Etiquette and Customs in the
BRIC Countries
4-35
Perceptions that Members of Various
Cultures Have about Americans
4-36
Proverbs Reflect Culture
U.S. Proverbs
He who holds the gold makes
the rules.
Waste not, want not.
The early bird gets the worm.
If at first you don’t succeed,
try, try again.
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Proverbs Reflect Culture
Chinese Proverbs
A man who waits for a roast
duck to fly into his mouth must
wait a very, very long time.
A man who says it cannot be
done should not interrupt a
man doing it.
Give a man a fish, and he will
live a day; give him a net, and
he will live a lifetime.
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Proverbs Reflect Culture
Other Proverbs
No one is either rich or poor who has not
helped himself to be so. (German)
Words do not make flour. (Italian)
Wealth that comes in at the door unjustly,
goes out at the windows. (Egyptian)
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