Transcript COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION
Communication is the
transmission of a
message from a
sender to a receiver,
which is understood
by the sender as the
receiver had intended
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Why study Communication?
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We live in a competitive world where
effective writing and presenting skills are a
strong competitive edge.
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Society and professionalism demands
effective communicators.
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Communication Process Model
SENDS MESSAGE
RECEIVER
SENDER
ACKNOWLEDGES RECEIPT
OF MESSAGE
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Three Models of the
Communication process:
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Dances Helical Model
1967
(ref. Pinner 1999 pp3)
Interpersonal
communication
Ending & receiving is
spiraled
Feedback from one
communicator to another
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Interaction Model (1975)
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The Interaction Model –
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Source of information/sender
Transmitter – device used to send message
Signals – both from sender and receiver
Noise – any disruption whether internal or
external
Receiver – recipient of message
Destination – ultimate goal or action
Feedback – most important is the response
Two-way activity
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The Shannon-Weaver Model (Linear Model
1950s)
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Common to that of Interaction Model lacks
feedback
More of a one-way communication activity
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Transactional Model
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In the Transaction Model emphasis is on
the message
Sender and receiver are symbolized as
Communicators
Encode – select appropriate language
Medium – channel or route selected
Receive & Interpret – understand the
language and message
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Communication Directions
Vertical
Diagonal
Horizontal
Vertical : Upward –
Vertical : Downward –
Performance Appraisals
Attitudes
Reports
Suggestions
Policies
Procedures
Job Instructions
Feedback
Horizontal :
Diagonal :
Task coordination
Conflict resolution
Sharing information
Crossing parameters
Inter-departmental
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Communication governed by social situations
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ROLES
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YOURSELF
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STATUS
RULES
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Each person has a role
to play in any given
social situation
This is guided by the
status the role holds and
therefore rules.
These govern the person
in communicating in
each given situation
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Levels of Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Intrapersonal: within yourself – thinking
Interpersonal: 2 way, face to face e.g.
conversations, discussions
Mediated: 2 way, not face to face e.g. telephone,
letter, report
Person to group: 1 way, face to face e.g.
lecture, sermon, giving a speech
Mass communication: 1 way, not face to face
e.g. print, electronic media.
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Communication Networks
Affected by:
•Number of people involved
•Complexity of the message
•Volume and urgency of message
•Confidentiality of material
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Communication Networks
B
A
C
B
C
A
D
D
E
E
Star network
T-shaped network
•Most efficient
•Fewer errors made
•Less time needed
•Centralised leadership
•Only A has high morale
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Communication Networks
A
B
A
B
C
C
D
E
Circular
E
D
Chain
•No definite leader
•Leadership rotates
•High morale
•Independent action and self expression
•Best in changing environment
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Communication Networks
A
F
G
C
B
D
I
J
H
E
Random/Grapevine networks carry rumor and some accurate
information.
They operate at very high speed but can give rise to distortions and
Many heartaches.
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Conclusion:
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Communication is a vital skill in
surviving in the workplace
Ability to send clear effective
messages
To understand & interpret messages
Be able to act on messages
Gives you the edge in being an
effective communicator.
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