Transcript Design plans

Composing a Design Plan
The Design Plan
A design plan gives you concrete and specific
guidance for producing your communication.
The Design
Plan helps
you
narrow
down
choices
and get
feedback
to ensure
your
strategies
work!
The Process is Not Linear
• Figuring out the project (purpose,
audience, context)
• Considering/Planning approach (choices
you must make as a designer/writer to
shape the project given audience/context)
• Composing draft
• Soliciting feedback
• Revising in response to feedback
Difference between design
plan and thesis statement?
• Thesis can suggest the points a composer needs to
make in a piece of argumentative writing
• Example: Modern language classes prepare students to
live within the expanding global economy because
modern language classes expose students to other
cultures.
• Design plans help a composer further develop the
work of a SOP, giving guidance for choosing how to
shape an argument for a specific audience.
• Design plans help composers choose the right
strategy appropriate for the rhetorical situation.
1
Strategies
• You need to start thinking about everything you
say/do as a strategy for helping you achieve your SOP
• Example: in an essay, strategies include title, size of
title, color of title, typeface of title, size of paper,
color of paper, first word, placement of first word,
second word, tone or mood set by first and second
words, use of photos, layout etc.
• You must generate a lot of different possible
strategies
• Then, use your SOP to help you decide on which
strategies are most appropriate for your rhetorical
situation.
Practice
Pull up the SOP you wrote last week. Develop
strategies for addressing the situation.
Logos,
Ethos, &
Pathos
can’t name
all of
what’s
going on in
an
argument,
but they
can help
you
categorize
what’s
happening
.
Logos, Ethos, Pathos
• Logos: how the parts of the
argument are ordered/arranged.
• Ethos: the character of the person(s)
making the argument.
• Pathos: the emotions
engaged/provoked by the argument.
Ethos
• What your audience sees in you
• Information about your relationship to
your audience is conveyed
verbally/visually
• Ethos gives you authority
• Don’t have to use “I”; topics chosen,
tone, vocabulary, color, framing,
cropping all build/diminish ethos
Example
Having seen the criminal justice system from several
angles, as a police officer, a court bailiff, a defendant, and
a prisoner, I am convinced that prison is not the answer
to the drug problem, or for that matter to many other
white-collar crimes.
Pathos
• Pathos is how your audience feels about what you’re doing
• Pathos is emotion (hence: pathetic)
• Pathos is often conveyed in word choice: shocked,
deranged, joyful
• Pathos is also visual
• Think about emotion as cause>effect response
• Be aware that background emotions (like fear after (9/11)
also impact the reception of your communication
• Over time, and audiences emotion results from a) what
you’ve said (logos); how you come across (ethos); and the
emotions you stir (pathos) > but they all have to work
symbiotically
Example
I once worked as a staff nurse in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Whenever a baby died, I wrapped it in a blanket, and then around the
blanket I wound a sky-blue disposable pad. I took the football sized
package—baby, blanket, and pad—down to the morgue and opened
the door of the refrigerator there and placed the package on the glass
shelf as gently as I could. Then I closed the door, pushing it until I
heard the white seal grip, the way I might close the fridge door at
home after putting away a chicken. There wasn’t a way for me to close
the refrigerator door with the reverence and honor the occasion
deserved. This is a part of the nursing we learn early: how to do the
unthinkable without falling to our knees and wailing.
Logos
• Logos is the reason or structure in a
visual/verbal argument
• Logos means word
• Arrangement can also be a type of
logos
• Facts + Stats are examples of logos
• Be careful to choose logos appropriate
to the medium
Example
It’s one of the most basic laws of human nature, isn’t it? (claim) The
more we are denied something, the more we want it. The more silence
given to this or that topic, the more power.
(logical development of claim) All you need to do is look to the bingedrinking or eating-disorder cases that surround us, the multitudes of
church sex scandals, to show that the demand for abstinence or any
kind of total denial of thought or expression or action can often lead to
dangerous consequences. When we know we can choose to do this or
that, we don’t feel as frantic to do so, to make the sudden move or
decision that might be the worst thing for us.
Which to use?
You will probably use a combination of all
three—logos, ethos, pathos—in the
development of your communication, but you
may decide to use one as the dominate mode of
communication. Still, if you do, make sure it fits
the purpose, audience and context of your
communication.
2
Medium
• Think about media that are unexpected but
appropriate and you might have a highly useful
strategy to use.
• Brainstorm different media you might use (effective +
appropriate)
• Imagine each medium in use by your audience
(problems/hassle/cost?)
• Think practically (can you really handle the medium in
terms of time, cost, experience?)
• Consider the kind of relationship the media has
(closeness or distance to the audience e.g. photos are
always more intimate than comics)
Practice
Take the project we’ve been working on
(grade arbitration) and use the previous prompts to
come up with several unexpected but appropriate
media you might use to satisfy the task.
3
Arrangement
• Even communication pieces that seem straightforward
require some kind of order
•
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Small/Big
Best/worst Before/After
Near/Far
Lists
Comparison
Juxtapositions
You can arrange words, but also elements on a page
List the parts of your communication to be arranged
Brainstorm various arrangements
Ask which possibilities support your purpose and overall
strategy
Practice
Use your SOP and think about arrangement.
How will you arrange your communication to
support your overall aims.
Which media will you use?
4
Testing
• Gather together people from you
intended audience to go over your
SOP and give you feedback
• Get audience feedback on your
design plan
• As you draft your project, get
feedback and make iterative changes
4
Testing
• What to test
• Observe how medium is used
• Test parts of communication (e.g. webpage)
• Depends on complexity of communication
• What not to test
• Small stuff like mechanics
• Kinds of tests
• Observational tests
• Think-aloud protocols
• Read-aloud protocols
In-Class Exercise
Homework
Wiki
Discussion