Transcript 1. dia - PreProject

BIBLIOTHERAPY
’Treatment
With Books’
General Description
The Bibliotherapy is a method included in the
group of Art Therapies. The expression
Bibliotherapy means ’Treatment With Books’.
Its name come from the ancient greek words
’biblion’ (book) and ’therapeia’ (treatment).
Almost every culture
have
been
recognizing
for
centuries the fact that
the literature was
capable of healing.
This special method,
the
Bibliotherapy
became popular for
the 19th century.
The two forms of activities
Receptive Therapy
This method focuses
on the understanding
and
reliving
the
events of a properly
selected literary text.
This procedure is
done mainly verbally.
Active Therapy
In this procedure the
participants (clientela)
write their own stories
(poems, fictional works,
diary or memoir). The
Active Therapy has two
forms: one is the Creative
Writing, the other is the
Autobiography.
In Which Fields is Used the Bibliotherapy?
For children is used
in schools, in the
educational
counseling and in
the field of the
special education
with disabilities.
For adults the Bibliotherapy is used in social,
educational, cultural and health institutions.
In addition, the Bibliotherapy is a highly
effective method to the development of selfawareness and self-esteem of prisoners under
the detention.
Which Are The General Points of
Bibliotherapy?
The participant can
contemplate on
his/her own
problems from an
external point of
view.
opportunities through the literary
• examples or counter-examples of my problems
• opportunity of the solutions to these problems
without consequences.
• self-recognition or self-knowledge
• take aim at the developement of communication
skills, the creative thinking, the empathy and the
susceptibility of teamwork
Special Challenges of Bibliotherapy in Prison
The lack of the free
communication
The elements of the human
communication
• vocal language (speech)
The elements of the human
communication
• nonverbal elements known as paralanguage
(rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress)
The elements of the human
communication
• haptic communication (touch)
The elements of the human
communication
• proxemics (the distance between the
participants)
The elements of the human
communication
• gestures, body language, facial expression, eye
contact
The elements of the human
communication
• how one dresses, what kind of perfume uses,
what kind of accessories wears, what is his/her
hair-style, etc.
The elements of the human
communication
• all your goods, chattels and properties
(movables and immovables)
Threats
• these phaenomena (goods, clothes, nice words,
tactility etc) became more and more valuable in
the mind of the prisoner
• false and distorted memories
• forget the disinteresting and unpleasant things
• the civil world and the memories of it are are
loosing the connection between each other.
Wide variety of people in the jail:
Socio-cultural background → communical base
„Not the jail is dreadful,
but the people you are
locked in with”
Common survival strategies:
• secrecy („Don’t trust anyone!”)
• exaggeration („What a good guy was I out)
here!”)
The Bibliotherapy wants to decrease this risk and it can help
to rebuild the outside (civil) reality by reconstructing a
fictional, but logic inside world.
Difficulties in Prison Labor
•
•
•
•
Lack of time
The selection is accidental
The group is heterogenous
Lack of interest
Assess the needs, according to expectations
and the abilities of the group.
The Four Steps:
• Receptive Therapy with Tales
• Semi-active Therapy, Fairy-Tale Artwork
• Creative Writing (A Fictional Story)
• Autobiography
Receptive Therapy with Tales
The Advantages of Reading Fairy Tales
• common knowledge and common language
• the tale has been told not only to the children,
but also to the adults.
• hidden symbolism
• standard, formal, coherent minding
• development of an individuality
• the mentality of different genders
„The Illusionist and the Maiden”
• thoughtlessness of adolescence
• male and female roles
• conflict between the individual and the community
(society)
• spinster-attitudes
• multi-faceted symbolism (Illusionist, Shamrock,
Rooster, Beam, Blue Flower, Water).
Semi-active Therapy, Fairy-Tale Artwork
The Advantages of the Story-Telling
• reaction to an unexpected situation
• recalling of the faded memorabilia
(reactivating the weakened memory)
• strengthening of the imagination
• overshadowing of the daily problems
• brain-storming (group-cohesion)
Creative Writing (A Fictional Story)
• The initial place (randomly), as the the starting
date, hour and day.
• using five senses
• establishing the story
• discussing the main points
• create a conflict and a solution in some logic way
• reveal our civil personality thought the minds of
our characters
• demolish the prisoner’s attitudes
Autobiography
„Getting to know yourself is the greatest
journey, the most frightening discovery, the
most instructive encounter.”
Alexander Márai
Autobiographical Method
(Demetrio Duccio)