Transcript Chapter 2 - HCC Learning Web

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Whip Around
• What is your favorite childhood movie?
• Be prepared to share aloud.
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2
CULTURE AND
GENDER
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On a notecard, address:
• What is one challenge you have focused when
communicating with someone from another culture?
• What is one thing you would like to know about another
culture?
[Our Agenda
• Understanding Culture and Communication
• How Culture Affects Communication
• Understanding Gender and Communication
• How Gender Affects Communication
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
of learned and shared
symbols, language,
values, and norms
that distinguish one
group of people
from another
© Sebastian Pfuetze/Getty Images, RF
• Culture is the system
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
• People distinguish between in-groups and
out-groups
• In-groups are the groups of people with whom
we identify
• Out-groups are groups we see as different from
ourselves
• Being part of the out-group can be exciting,
but it can also be stressful
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
• Cultures vary in their
© Brand X Pictures/PunchStock, RF
symbols
• A symbol is anything
that represents an idea
• Flags and national
anthems are both
examples of cultural
symbols
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
hello
• Cultures vary in their
languages
• Approximately 7,100 languages
are used in the world today
• Chinese, Spanish, and English—
in that order—are the three most
commonly spoken languages
Здравейте
bonjour
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
• Cultures vary in their values
• A culture’s values are the standards it uses to judge
how good, desirable, or beautiful something is
• U.S. culture tends to value equal opportunity, material
comfort, practicality and efficiency, achievement,
democracy, free enterprise, and individual choice
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
• Cultures vary in their norms
expectations that guide
people’s behavior in a culture
• Greeting norms and norms for
politeness often vary
considerably across cultures
© Lisa Anne Auer Bach/Corbis, RF
• Norms are rules or
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
• Co-cultures are groups of people who share
values, customs, and norms related to mutual
interests or characteristics besides their national
citizenship
• Co-cultures can reflect shared activities, beliefs,
or characteristics
• Many people identify with multiple co-cultures
• Many co-cultures thrive online
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Understanding Culture and
Communication
• In some ways, social media platforms—such as
Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and
Pinterest—make up their own co-cultures
• They have their own symbols (such as #)
• They have their own terminology (such as “tweets”
and “likes”)
• They have their own norms and values (such as
norms for what can and cannot be posted or shared)
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How Culture Affects Communication
• Individualistic and
collectivistic cultures
© John Burke/Polka Dot Images/Jupiter Images, RF
• Individualistic cultures
believe their
responsibility is to
themselves
• Collectivistic cultures
believe their
responsibility is to
their communities
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How Culture Affects Communication
• Low-context and high-context cultures
• People in low-context cultures are taught to
communicate directly and to “say what they mean”
• People in high-context cultures are taught to
convey meaning through subtle behaviors and
contextual cues rather than through verbal
directness
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How Culture Affects Communication
• Low-power-distance and high-power-distance
cultures
• People in low-power-
• In high-power-distance
cultures, certain groups
have great power; average
citizens have much less
© Mark Cuthbert/Geggy Images
distance cultures believe
that no one person or group
should have excessive
power
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How Culture Affects Communication
• Monochronic and polychronic cultures
• People in monochronic cultures view time as a
finite commodity
• People in polychronic cultures view time as more
holistic and fluid and less structured
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How Culture Affects Communication
• Uncertainty-avoiding and uncertainty-accepting
cultures
• People in uncertainty-avoiding cultures are drawn
to the familiar and are relatively unlikely to take
risks
• People in uncertainty-accepting cultures are open
to novel situations and are accepting of people
and ideas that are different from their own
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How Culture Affects Communication
• Societies differ in their use of cultural
communication codes
• Idioms are phrases whose meaning is purely
figurative
• Jargon is language whose technical meaning is
understood by people within a co-culture
• Gestures are movements that express ideas
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TED Talks
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMyofREc5Jk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaOJ71czAGQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48RoRi0ddRU
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Nonverbal Group Project
GENDER AND
COMMUNICATION
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Whip Around
• When you were a child, what was your favorite game?
• Be prepared to share aloud.
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Male, Female, or Both?
• Talkative
• Nurturing
• Intelligent
• Outspoken
• Aggressive
• Independent
• Intense
• Compassionate
• Gentle
• Intellectual
• Logical
• Artistic
• Dynamic
• Mechanically inclined
• Critical
• Fashionable
• Funny
• Daring
• Romantic
• Self-motivated
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Understanding Gender and
Communication
• Gender is a function of:
• Biological sex
• Sexual orientation
© Creatas Images/2009 Jupiterimages Corporation/Jupiter Images, RF
• Gender roles
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Understanding Gender and
Communication
• Gender roles are culturally
constructed norms for how men
and women are expected to act
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
© Michael Blann/Digital Vision/Getty Images/RF
=Vz-hlV8o3y8
• Masculinity
• Femininity
• Androgyny
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Understanding Gender and
Communication
• Biological sex is affected by:
• Psychology: the sex a person believes he or she
should rightly be
• Genetics: the combination of X and Y
chromosomes
• Anatomy: the internal and external sex organs
with which a person is born
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Understanding Gender and
Communication
• Sexual orientation refers to the sex or sexes
to whom we are attracted
• Homosexuality
• Bisexuality
• Asexuality
© Beth Dubber/Amazon Studios/Everett Collection
• Heterosexuality
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How Gender Affects Communication
• Expressive talk (normally associated with
women)
• Communication is seen as a primary way to
establish closeness
• Instrumental talk (normally associated with men)
• Communication is seen as a means to solve
problems and accomplish tasks
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How Gender Affects Communication
• More-powerful speech (normally associated
with men)
• Talking more, interrupting more frequently
• Less-powerful speech (normally associated
with women)
• Asking more questions, using hedges (“sort of,”
“might be”)
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How Gender Affects Communication
• Masculine linguistic style
• Shorter sentences, more sentence fragments,
more references to “I” and “me,” more references
to quantity
• Feminine linguistic style
• Longer sentences, more qualifiers, more
references to “we” and “they”
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How Gender Affects Communication
• Touch
• Among adults, other-sex touch is more common
than same-sex touch
• In same-sex pairs, women touch each other more
than men do
• Emotional communication
• Women express more positive emotion
• Men express more negative emotion
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How Gender Affects Communication
• Affectionate communication
• Among adults, women use more affection behaviors
than men do
• This difference could be due to:
• The amount of affection received in childhood
• The perception that affection is feminine
• Differences in hormones that promote affectionate
behavior
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TED Talks
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O9BKRJDqNA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFBU7h7fqLc
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Quiz 2
• Working in your nonverbal groups, answer questions 1-10