Transcript Mass communications is financed by

Communications contexts
Communications 233
“Communication”
communis – common
communicare – to impart, share
commicatus – past participle of
communicare
“What does this mean?”
Tot, kto ponimáyet éto polucháyem
pyatyórka?
“What does this mean?”
“What does this mean?”
“What does this mean?”
“What does this mean?”
Types of communication
content
Cognitive
Knowledge
Opinion
Attitude
Affective
Feeling
Emotion
Sensory
Shannon-Weaver Model
Source
Encoder
Message
Channel
Decoder
Receiver
Channel Noise
Semantic Noise
Feedback?
Schramm’s common field of
experience concept
We can only communicate about that
which we have in common with our
audience
Maria
Thanh
Common field
of experience
Heider’s P-O-X model
Intrapersonal communication
A person (P)
Another person (O)
An object of concern (X)
Balance theory
X
P
O
Balanced
+
P
X
+
+
O
Balanced
-
P
X
+
O
Imbalanced
-
P
X
-
O
Newcomb’s ABX model
Interpersonal communication
Builds upon Heider’s theory
Adds “strain toward symmetry” idea
“Strain” pushes us to communicate
-
A
X
Strain toward
symmetry
produces
balance
+
B
Westley-MacLean model
Mass communication model
Used Newcomb’s ideas and added a
medium of communication
fba
X1
fca
X2
X3
.
.
X∞
X’
A
C
X’’
B
fbc
There are at least three
levels of communication
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Mass
Mass communications
media
Books
Newspapers
Magazines
Film
Recorded music
Radio
Television
Cable
Internet
Media support systems,
auxiliary services
Advertising
Public Relations
Wire Services
Syndicates
Other
Functions of the media
Inform
Entertain
Persuade
Provide economic support
Develop common basis of experience
Mass communications is
financed by
Private capital investment
Advertising
Subscription, purchases
Decoder expenditures
Government subsidy
Definition of mass
communication
Mass communications is a process
Definition of mass
communication
Mass communications is a process in
which professional communicators use
mechanical media
Definition of mass
communication
Mass communications is a process in
which professional communicators use
mechanical media to disseminate
messages widely, rapidly, and
continuously
Definition of mass
communication
Mass communications is a process in
which professional communicators use
mechanical media to disseminate
messages widely, rapidly, and
continuously to arouse intended meanings
in large and diverse audiences
Definition of mass
communication
Mass communications is a process in
which professional communicators use
mechanical media to disseminate
messages widely, rapidly, and
continuously to arouse intended meanings
in large and diverse audiences in attempts
to influence them in a variety of ways
Five distinct stages of
mass communications:
Professional communicators formulate
messages.
Messages are disseminated via
mechanical (artificial) means
Messages reach large and diverse
audiences.
Audience members interpret messages as
they assign meanings.
Audience members are influenced.
Communicators
Large, unknown audience vs. known,
small audience
Institutional communications vs. person
(Leads to resistance to change.)
Heterogeneous audience produces
content for “the wad”
Messages
Multi-channeled vs. singularity of channels
Multi-channeled produces more “affective”
communication content
Issues surrounding accuracy
Feedback
Instant in personal, delayed in mass
communications
Greater quantity in personal, less in mass
communications
Mass communications
“markets”
Consumer Market
Advertising Market
Marketplace of ideas
Indicate how many hours you spent with the following media
Sun.
Npaper
Books
Mags
TV
Radio
Internet
Music
Movies
Videos
Total
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat