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Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory study 報告學生: 李欣璟,侯呈燕 OUTLINE • Abstract • Introduction • Literature review • Methodology • Findings • Conclusion and implication Abstract • The challenges : – The use of information and communication technology (ICT) – a multicultural workforce – organizational designs that involve global virtual teams (GVTs) • This exploratory study focused on The effects of cultural diversity ICT on team effectiveness • The influence of Cultural diversity – Positive： – Negative： decision-making communication. Introduction • Use of GVTs gives organizations access to a larger pool of skills. • Complexity as cultural biases may distort communication. • Gain a better understanding – the effect of cultural diversity on team effectiveness. Literature review • Culture is a complex and multidimensional construct • Cultural diversity is defined as heterogeneity of national cultures • This study attempted to – Add to this body of knowledge – Focused on the link between culture and ICT. Literature review • Researchers have identified differences between eastern and western cultures – technology use – perception of task technology fit • Six reasons why intercultural communication fails to create mutual understanding (Barna) Literature review • Some electronic meeting system structures affected diversity— reducing or increasing its impact (Chidambaram & Kautz) • Questions: •1.文化多樣性是如何影響虛擬團隊的團隊效力？ •2.通信技術如何調解文化多樣性和團隊成效之間的關 係？ Methodology • Interpretive approach. – Expand the understanding of some elements of cultural diversity and ICT that may influence GVT effectiveness • The data was collected by individual interviews. • descriptive and interpretive coding • Pattern coding was conducted during a systematic comparison of text passages – NVIVO 1.3 Findings • 4.1. The impact of cultural diversity on GVT effectiveness • 4.2. ICT mediation of the impact of cultural diversity on GVT effectiveness The impact of cultural diversity on GVT effectiveness • Cultural diversity has both positive and negative effects on GVT effectiveness. – 4.1.1. Intercultural communication – 4.1.2. Decision-making 4.1.1. Intercultural communication • cultural and language barriers produced communication challenges – written and spoken language 4.1.1. Intercultural communication • Four stylistic modes of verbal interaction : •Direct / indirect •Succinct / elaborate •Contextual / personal •Instrumental / affective • Others – body language – time orientation 4.1.2. Decision-making • Improved decision-making – using multiple points of view – leveraging diverse skills and knowledge 4.2. ICT mediation of the impact of cultural diversity on GVT effectiveness • • • • • 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3. 4.2.4. 4.2.5. E-mail Teleconferencing Team rooms Chat Channel selection 工具介紹：Lotus sametime(整合通訊即時協助平台) 4.2.1. E-mail • Two aspects were important: – (1)the limitations and benefits of the technology – (2)the benefits and limitations of e-mail for intercultural communication. 4.2.1. E-mail • Overcome ? • Personal/contextual verbal • Verbal/nonverbal • Time zones 、cultural diversity • Rehearsability and editability 4.2.2. Teleconferencing • They overcame the challenges of teleconferencing. • (1) avoided miscommunication • (2) restating arguments • Lotus Sametime – E-Meeting 4.2.3. Team rooms • What is team rooms ? (工具介紹 Notes Team Room) • The benefit? – Team identity • Dispersion and cultural diversity – Repository of document – discussion 工具使用的介紹(Notes Team Room) 工具使用的介紹(Notes Team Room) 專案問題的提報與回應 工具使用的介紹(Notes Team Room) 專案問題的協同處理與紀錄 工具使用的介紹(Notes Team Room) 專案資料的紀錄與歸檔 工具使用的介紹(Notes Team Room) • 各類專案的Team Room建檔 4.2.4. Chat • What is the Chat? (Lotus Sametime Chat) • Such as meetings or teleconferences • Social group • Cultural diversity 、decision-making 4.2.4. Chat 4.2.4. Chat 4.2.4. Chat 4.2.5. Channel selection • Media richness theory(媒介豐富性理論) 偏重在組織溝通媒介選擇在「媒介特徵」取向的論述。 • Social presence theory(社會臨場感理論) 讓溝通參與者有感覺近似面對面互動的程度 • Social influence theory(社會影響模式) 認為人們對溝通媒介的選擇，會受周圍互動人的影響。 5.Conclusions and implications Social Proximity Decision Making Cultural Diversity Media Selection Task Communication E-mail ICT Combination Team Room Initial Channel Physical Proximity Accessibility Individual Preferences 參考內容 • Google 、yahoo、wiki網站 • http://www.bockytech.com.tw/produ cts/Nvivo.htm • http://www.ibm.com/lotus/sametime •Thank you…