Transcript Transmitting and receiving in communication systems

University of Pitesti
Dolnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki
w Polkowicach
Communication Systems
Dr inż. ZDZISŁAW PÓLKOWSKI
Dobrica Adrian
TOPICS MENU
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Definition
History
Goals
Characteristics
Examples of communication systems.
Transmitting and receiving in communication systems.
Other information processes in communication systems.
Issues related to communication systems.
DEFINITION
Communication systems are the various processes, both formal
and informal, by which information is passed between the
managers and employees within a business, or between the
business itself and outsiders.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
History
• In the early years of corporate America, business managers
operated on a strict basis of top-down communications.
Whatever the boss or owner of the company said was the law.
In most cases, strategies for doing everything from selling
product to dealing with employees would be discussed behind
closed doors. Once those decisions were made by managers,
lower-level employees were expected to put them into effect.
Employees had little input; they did as they were told or found
work elsewhere. Such management attitudes, particularly when
they applied to worker safety issues in such places as coal and
steel mines, led to the growth of labor unions. If nothing else,
unions had the power in many cases to slow or shut down
production until management listened to the demands of the
workers.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
• In today's business environment, most corporations encourage
employees to take an active role in the company. Employees
who notice ways to improve production are encouraged, and
usually rewarded, for passing those ideas on to managers.
Employees who submit ideas that withstand intense study can
be rewarded with a percentage of the savings to the company.
Employees who are harassed on the job are strongly
encouraged to report such harassment as far up the chain of
management as necessary to stop it. Regular employee
meetings are held where the lowest-level employee can stand
up and ask the highest-level manager a direct question with the
full expectation that a direct answer will be offered in return.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
Goals
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The goal of any form of communication is to promote complete
understanding of a message. But breakdowns in communication can occur
at any step in the process. Business managers need to understand and
eliminate the common obstacles that prevent effective communication.
Some of the causes of communication problems in business settings
include:
A lack of basic language skills
Differing expectations and perceptions on the part of senders and receivers
Selectivity or the tendency for individuals to pick and choose what they
retain when they receive a message from another person
Distractions such as ringing telephones, scheduled meetings, and unfinished
reports
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
Characteristics
Characteristics of communication systems.
www.tutorvista.com
• The essential components of communication system are information source,
input transducer, transmitter, communication channel, receiver and
destination.
(1) Information source : We know that a communication system serves to
communicate a message signal or information. The information or message
signal is originated from information source. Source of information generates
message signal examples of which are human voice, telephone pictures,
teletype data, atmospheric temperature and pressure in the above example.
(2) Input Transducer : A transducer is a device which converts one form of
energy into another form. The message from the information source may or
may not electrical in nature. In a case when the message signal produced by
information source is not electrical in nature, an input transducer is used to
convert it into a time varying electrical signal.
(3) Transmitter : The function of transmitter is to process the electrical
signal from different aspects. The signal received from the information
source after converting it into electrical signal is not suitable for transmission
over the channel. All these processing of the message signal are done just
to ease the transmission of the signal through the channel.
http://meaningofcommunication.blogspot.fr/2010/04/communication-system.html
(4) Channel : The physical connection between transmitter output and
receiver input is provided by the channel. There are mainly two types of
channels.
(5) Receiver : The signals received at the output of the channel consists of
noise along when information carrying signals must be separated from carrier
wave and noise introduce by the channel. The receiver performs the
estimation of original message signal. This operation of receiver is called
demodulation.
(6) Destination : Destination is the final stage which is used to convert an
electrical message signal into its original form. For example in radio
broadcasting, the destination is a loudspeaker which works as a transducer
i.e. it converts the electrical signal form of original sound signal.
http://meaningofcommunication.blogspot.fr/2010/04/communication-system.html
Examples of Communication Systems
Typical examples of communication systems are line telephony and line
telegraphy, radio telephony and radio telegraphy, radio broadcasting, point-topoint communication and mobile communication, computer communication,
radar communication, television broadcasting, radio aids to navigation, radio
aids to aircraft landing etc.The earliest communication system namely linetelegraphy originated in eighteen forties (1840s). In addition to this, line
telephony came a few decades later whereas radio-communication could
become possible in the beginning of twentieth century on invention of triode
valve. Radio communication was further greatly improved during World War II.
It becomes more widely used through the invention of transistor, integrated
circuits (ICS) and other Semiconductor devices in the subsequent years. Also in
recent years, communication has become more widespread with the use or
satellites and fiber optics. Today, there has been an increasing emphasis on the
use of computer in communication.
http://meaningofcommunication.blogspot.in/2010/04/communication-system.html
Example of communication systems
https://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/list-example-constituents-and-standards-cns-domain
Transmitting and receiving in communication
systems
Transmission of information from a source to a destination can be performed in
many ways by the use of electrical signals and electric-electronic circuits. To
design a communication system is primordial to define some parameters, such
as, the physical medium in which the signal will be transmitted, the way in what
the signal would be generated and the nature of signal, it means if the signal
will be analogical or digital. In this work, a communication system was
designed, built up and debugged to transmit and receive two kinds of signals by
the use of an unique transmit medium in a simultaneously way. One of these
signals is an analogical NTSC video signal and the other is a digital data signal
from a PC application.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4470525&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all
.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4470525
The purpose of this system is to transmit, in a safe and efficient way, coded
information from a PC to another by the combination of signals with the Time
Division Multiplexing technique (TDM), using a coaxial cable as the physical
medium of transmission.
To achieve this purpose the system is conformed by hardware elements such
as, the PIC16F874 micro-controller and software elements implemented as a
communication protocol to identify the information transmitted. This document
shows all the information about circuits, tests and images from oscilloscope
related with the communication system.
en.wikipedia.org
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4470525&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2F
abs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4470525
Issues related to communication systems.
WhenIssues
communicating
such factors remain
largely unknown. In
relatedelectronically
to communication
systems.
cyberspace relationships can be built on common interests and needs.
Information and knowledge is shared between people who may never
physically meet. People who would not (or could not) normally communicate
face-to-face can freely express and share their ideas and knowledge online.
These people are free to converse without prejudice. However all is not perfect,
this freedom can easily be abused by the unscrupulous. Electronic
communication systems, and in particular the Internet, allow information to be
shared quickly and relatively anonymously.
http://msciptcommunications.weebly.com/issues-related-to-communication-systems.html
Unscrupulous persons are able to masquerade as trusted others in order to
fraudulently obtain personal information such as credit card or banking details.
Most people presume their email messages to be private; in reality network
administrators and others with suitable access rights are able to view and
monitor emails. Those in control of networks are able to restrict and monitor the
activities of users. Such power relationships are often legitimate, however as is
the case with all such relationships power can be abused. The Internet has
removed national and international boundaries. We are free to communicate
and trade internationally. Individual governments have little control over
international trade and furthermore enforcing international laws is expensive
and often ineffective in cyberspace. For example sending spam (mass
electronic junk mail) is illegal within Australia; however Australian law has no
control over spam sent from off shore locations. To cover all possible issues
arising when using communication systems is clearly not possible.
http://msciptcommunications.weebly.com/issues-related-to-communication-systems.html