Transcript Chapter 5, Society And Social Interaction

Chapter 5
Society And Social Interaction
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What Is Society?
Theories About Analyzing Social Interaction
A Study in Diversity: Forms of Nonverbal
Communication
Chapter 5
Society And Social Interaction
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Interpersonal Attraction and the Formation of
Pairs
Social Institutions and Social Structure
What Holds Society Together?
Types of Societies: A Global View
What Is Society?
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Human society is a system of social interaction
that includes culture and social organization.
Social interaction is the foundation of society.
Characteristics of Groups
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A collection of individuals who interact and
communicate with each other.
Share goals and norms.
Possess a subjective awareness of themselves
as a distinct social unit.
Theories About Analyzing Social
Interaction
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Social construction of reality - perception of
what is real is determined by the subjective
meaning that we attribute to an experience.
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Ethnomethodology - deliberately disrupting
social norms and observing how individuals
attempt to restore normalcy.
Theories About Analyzing Social
Interaction
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Impression management - people control how
others will perceive them.
Social exchange - interactions are determined
by rewards or punishments from others.
Interaction in cyberspace - without nonverbal
communication, one is free to become a
different self.
Forms of
Nonverbal Communication
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Touch
Paralinguistic communication - pitch, loudness
and rhythm of the voice.
Kinesic communication - gestures, facial
expressions, and body.
Use of personal space.
Interpersonal Attraction
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Proximity
A strong determinant of attraction is living,
working, or frequent contact with them.
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Mere exposure effect
The more you see someone, the more you like
them.
Interpersonal Attraction
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Perceived physical attractiveness
Attraction toward people is based on
perception of their physical attractiveness.
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Similarity
People are attracted to those who are similar in
status, race, ethnicity, religion, personality
traits, and attitudes and opinions.
Social Institutions
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Family
Education
Work
Economy
Political Institutions
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Religion
Health care
Mass Media
Organized Sports
Military
Functionalists:
Purposes of Social Institutions
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Socialization of new members of society.
Production and distribution of goods and
services.
Maintenance of stability and existence.
Providing members with an ultimate sense of
purpose.
Durkheim: Social Solidarity
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People in society have a collective
consciousness through which they develop a
sense of solidarity.
Mechanical solidarity arises when individuals
feel bonded by their similarity.
Organic solidarity arises when individuals are
bonded through their division of labor.
Six Types of Societies
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Foraging
Pastoral
Horticultural
Agricultural
Industrial
Postindustrial
Industrial Societies
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Use machines and other advanced
technologies to produce and distribute goods
and services.
Highly differentiated labor force and the
intensive use of capital and technology.
Urbanization and immigration are common in
industrial societies.