Transcript Culture and Intercultural Communication

跨文化交际
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
杨
峰
主编
2012年
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Chapter 1
Culture and Intercultural Communication
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Culture and Intercultural Communication
• Mind is actually internalized culture.
—Edward T. Hall
• We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same
boat now.
—Attributed to Martin Luther King, Jr.
• I have made a ceaseless effort not to ridicule, not to bewail, not to
scorn human actions, but to understand them.
—Spinoza
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Learning Objectives
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understand cultures
evaluate cultural diversity
understand communication
evaluate intercultural communication
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Case 1 She Has Three Hands
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Suppose you are the Chinese doctor, if you are
communicating with the Canadian
physiotherapist, will his words irritate you?
How would you respond to the situation?
What caused their communication conflicts?
What do you think of the different
communication styles of the two doctors?
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Culture and Intercultural Communication
A
Understanding Culture
B
Cultures within Culture
C
Communication
D
Culture and Communication
E
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
While-Class Learning: Text A
• Pre-reading Questions
1. What does the term “culture” or 文化
usually mean to you?
2. How are we influenced by the culture in
which we have grown up?
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Text A
• Understanding Culture
1. Definition of Culture
2. Characteristics of Culture
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Text A: Understanding Culture
• Definition of Culture
Culture is a learned set of shared
interpretations about beliefs, values,
norms, and social practices, which affect
the behaviors of a relatively large group of
people.
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Text A: Understanding Culture
• Culture can be viewed as an iceberg
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Post-reading Activities
• What are the things can be said to be
above or below the water—within or out
of our awareness?
• Which of the following are above the
water and which are below?
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Text A: Understanding Culture
• Characteristics of Culture
a. Culture Is Learned
b. Culture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation
c. Culture Is Based on Symbols
d. Culture Is Dynamic
e. Culture Is an Integrated System
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Characteristics of Culture
a. Culture Is Learned
1) interaction
2) observation
3) imitation
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Characteristics of Culture
b. Culture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation
1. Forms of transmission: proverbs, stories, art, etc.
proverbs: Actions speak louder than words. （事实胜于雄辩。
）
stories: Aesop’s Fables 《伊索寓言》
art: a symbolic way of communication
2. Numerous carriers: family, peers, media, church, etc.
mass media: books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television
and cinema, records, tapes and videos, internet, etc.
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Characteristics of Culture
c. Culture Is Based on Symbols
1. spoken words
2. written words
3. non-verbal actions
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Characteristics of Culture
d. Culture Is Dynamic
Cultures change and evolve over time.
Deep structure of a culture resists major alterations.
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Characteristics of Culture
e. Culture Is an Integrated System
Culture is composed of parts that are related to each other.
The civil rights movement (1955—1968)
It was a worldwide political
movement for equality.
It was accompanied by much
civil unrest and popular
rebellion.
The movement has brought
about changes in many aspects
of life.
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
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Case 2 The gift
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Frank: student
Ms. Kelsen: English teacher
Why do you think Ms. Kelsen won’t accept the
gift?
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While-Class Learning: Text B
• Cultures within Culture
1. Sub-culture
racial and ethnic minority groups
2. Co-culture
groups or social communities
3. Sub-group
a few people to a major religion,
occupation
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Case 3 Hippies
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Youth movement
Listen to psychedelic rock
Embrace sexual revolution
Use drugs
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While-Class Learning: Text C
• Communication
1. Definition of Communication
2. Characteristics of Communication
a. a dynamic process
b. symbolic
c. systemic
d. self-reflective
e. transactional
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Case 4 Greeting
Li Ping: an English major
Miss Jessica Robinson: American
teacher
Miss Chen: another teacher
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What went wrong in the case and why?
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While-Class Learning: Text D
• Culture and Communication
directly and inseparably linked
1. words communicate meaning;
2. culture gives meaning and provides context for
communication;
3. meaning of words are very much influenced by
culture
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While-Class Learning: Text D
• communication: complex process
1. Each culture has developed a set of patterns that are right
and appropriate for that culture;
2. the potential problems and the likelihood of
miscommunication multiply when communicating with
people from different cultural backgrounds.
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Case 5 Introduction
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Chu Hon-fei: a Hong Kong
exporter
Andrew Richardson: an American
buyer
How do you account for their different
impression?
Does culture play a role in the
communication between these two men?
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While-Class Learning: Text E
Intercultural Communication
• occurs when a member of one culture produces a
message for consumption by a member of another
culture
• simply, the communication between people from
different cultural backgrounds
• not something new
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While-Class Learning: Text E
• Wandering nomads
• Religious missionaries
• Conquering warriors
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
While-Class Learning: Text E
• Silk Road
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
While-Class Learning: Text E
• overseas movies
• overseas teachers
• business negotiations
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Communication
• Challenge: understand and appreciate cultural
differences, and translate that understanding
into competent interpersonal communication
• frustrating or even unsuccessful: superficial
differences
• the greatest problems: the deep structure of a
culture
• major theme of this course book: understand
significant differences
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Superficial differences
• Eat with chopsticks
• Eat with hands
• Eat with utensils
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Edward Twitchell Hall, Jr.
• May 16, 1914 – July 20, 2009
• American anthropologist and cross-cultural
researcher
• known for high context culture, proxemics,
monochronic and polychronic time
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Case 6 First Offer
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Canadian colleague and I:
Heping Liu: a Chinese guide
In your daily life, do you often accept
first offer? If yes, in what situation?
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Case 7 Getting Frustrated
Jay: an American businessman in
Saudi Arabia
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Why was Jay frustrated in Saudi Arabia?
What are the differences in norms and social practices
between the Saudi Arabians and the Americans reflected in
this case?
What are Jay’s attitudes and responses to the Saudi Arabian
norms and social practices?
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Thank You
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication