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Health Communication Interventions in the Workplace: Where is the Value? Virginia H Sublet, PhD, RPh Senior Toxicologist, ORISE Max R Lum, Ed D, MPA Associate Director, Office of Health Communication, NIOSH Objectives To characterize and assess the scope and use of behavioral theory in developing and communicating safety and health messages to workers. To examine the extent strategies were evaluated to improve health protection in the workplace. Methods Used to Search for Studies Traditional computer searches of >20 databases Experts internal and external to NIOSH Reference lists from current literature Interventions in the Following Sectors Agriculture Firefighters Construction Automotive Health care Postal Beryllium Mining Oil and sand Studies Categorized by Study design Health communication channel Target audience Intervention Theory Extent of evaluation Study Target Workers Design Theory Channel Intervention Eval Welbourne, J, et al 2005 Firefighters, 781 Fire Chiefs R, Telephone survey TPB and P Print Alert S Stephenson ,MT, et al, 2005 Coal miners 307 Field Study Persuasion Print Postcards S Helmkamp, JC, et al, 2004 Loggers Field study, PrePost TMC Film and print Video and safety guide S- P-P, 6 Mo Kidd, P et al, 2003 Teenage farmers, Injury Prevention QE, Pre-Post TMC Simulated Action, Narrative Physical and narrative simulations Ob, 1 year Lusk, S, et al, 2003 Factory Workers E, R, C, Pre-Post HPM Print, Computer Tailored messages via computer in sound proof booth S 6-18 Mo Elkind,P, et al, 2002 Hispanic, farm workers QE, Pre-Post Novella Storytelling Short Plays Farmer, F et al, 2002 Fernery Workers Pesticides QE, PrePost Data, FR, ER SMT Print Brochures and Mobile hand-washing unit S Guidotti, T et al, 2000 Oil and sands workers Demonstration HBM, SMT Mass Media Media campaign, mascot, TV, schools, safety audit S S, I Theoretical Basis for Studies Theory of Planned Behavior Stage Model of Persuasion Health Promotion Model Social Cognitive Theory Novella Theory Theoretical Basis for Studies Social Marketing Theory Extended Parallel Process Model Health Belief Model Transtheoretical Model of Change Cognitive Learning Theory Communication Channels Mass media Verbal Storytelling Film Audio Print materials Simulations Computer Mail Intervention: Tailored Messages and Simulations Goal- to improve worker use of hearing protection equipment Source- Kidd, P, Reed, D, Weaver, L, Westneat, S, Rayens, MK, The Transtheoretical Model of Change in Adolescents: Implications for Injury Prevention, J of Saf Res, 34(3) 281-288, 2003 Intervention: Storytelling and Plays Goal- to teach farm workers who do not speak English about occupational health and safety. Source Elkind, P, Pitts, K, Ybarra, SL, Theater as a Mechanism for Increasing Farm Health and Safety, Am J Ind Med, 2:28-35, 2002 Intervention: Social Marketing and Hand-washing Station Goal- to decrease pesticide exposure to fernery workers. Source: Elkind, P, Pitts, K, Ybarra, SL, Theater as a Mechanism for Increasing Farm Health and Safety, Am J Ind Med, 2:28-35, 2002 Evaluation Many studies included a reaction survey at the end of the intervention. Few studies utilized impact evaluation. Conclusion More rigorous utilization of theoretical-based constructs and evaluation may improve the effectiveness of health communication interventions.