Transcript Document
Perception Selection: you can’t attend to everything. Most things are not relevant. You will play attention to things based on certain factors: things that stand out, changes, your motives, your expectations, and your culture. Selective exposure: you expose yourself to information that reinforces, rather than contradicts, your beliefs or opinions. Selective attention: focus on certain cues and ignore others. Selective perception: see, hear, and believe what you want to see, hear, and believe. Selective retention: you remember things that reinforce your beliefs rather than contradict them. We use prototypes (clearest examples of something, personal contrast (mental yardsticks of a person’s quality), stereotypes, and scripts. Figure (the focal point of your attention) and Ground (the background). Closure: the tendency to fill in missing information to complete a figure or statement. Proximity: objects physically close to one another will be perceived as a group. Similarity: elements are grouped together because they seem similar. We also use it to explain the actions of others through attribution errors, self-serving bias. Interpretive perception: a blend of internal states and external stimuli. Attribution errors: attribute someone’s success to a situation and their failure to personality. Self-serving bias: attribute our own success to personality and failure to the situation. Physiology: depends on how acute our senses are; medical conditions, age. Past Experiences and roles: training we receive, demands of a role, professional and social roles influence our interpretation. Culture and Co-Culture: social groups; POV shaped by material, social, symbolic conditions common for members of a group; race, gender, ethnicity, class, sexuality. Present Feelings and circumstances: your mood at that moment. Self: how we view ourselves affects how we view others. Stereotyping: generalizations; predict what other people will do; based on perceptions of similarities; may be accurate or inaccurate; need them. First Impressions: as little as 3 seconds; the “four minute rule”; lots of nonverbal communication; compare others to ourselves. Self-fulfilling prophecy: the idea that you behave and see yourself in ways that are consistent with how others see you. Maslow’s Hierarchy Physical Needs: Rely on communication to survive and thrive. Safety Needs: communication used to protect us from danger and harm. Belonging Needs: communication used to ensure we are part of something. Self-Esteem Needs: valuing and respecting ourselves and being valued and respected by others. Who we are and can be can come from images of ourselves and how others communicate with us. Self-Actualization: use our talents, thrive on growth, enlarge our perspectives. The fulfillment of one’s potential as a person. The more self-actualized we become the more we want to be even stronger. The picture you have of yourself; the sort of person you believe you are. The self is a process that develops and changes. You receive confirmation, rejection or disconfirmation. Self-Esteem: How well you like and value yourself; the feeling you have about your self-concept. Commitment to personal growth. Gain and use knowledge to support personal growth. Set goals that are realistic and clear. Seek contexts that support personal change. The control (or lack of control) of the communication of information through a performance. There are high self-monitors (highly aware of their management behavior) and low self-monitors (little attention to the responses of their messages). Face: the socially approved and presented identity of an individual. Facework: verbal and nonverbal strategies used to help others maintain a their own image of you. Politeness: efforts to save face for others.