Transcript Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Understanding the Resident All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Caring for the Person For effective care, you must consider the whole person. The whole person has physical, social, psychological, and spiritual parts. These parts are woven together and cannot be separated. Each part relates to and depends on the others. Disability and illness affect the whole person. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Address the Resident Properly Addressing the person Call residents by their titles. Do not call residents by their first names unless they ask you to. Do not call residents by any other name unless they ask you to. Do not call residents Grandma, Papa, Sweetheart, Honey, or other names. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Basic Needs According to Abraham Maslow: Basic needs must be met for a person to survive and function. The needs are arranged in order of importance. Lower-level needs must be met before higherlevel needs. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Maslow’s Basic Needs for Life Basic needs, from the lowest level to the highest level, are: Physiological or physical needs Safety and security needs Love and belonging needs Self-esteem needs The need for self-actualization People normally meet their own needs. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Culture and Religion Culture is the characteristics of a group of people passed from one generation to the next. The person’s culture: • Influences health beliefs and practices • Affects behavior during illness and when in a nursing center All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Religion Religion relates to spiritual beliefs, needs, and practices. A person’s religion influences health and illness practices. Many people find comfort and strength from religion during illness. The nursing process reflects the person’s culture and religion. Do not judge the person by your standards. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Effects of Illness and Disability Sickness and injury have physical, psychological, and social effects. Anger is a common response to illness and disability. To help the person feel safe, secure, and loved: • Take an extra minute to “visit,” hold a hand, or give a hug. • Show that you are willing to help with personal needs. • Respond promptly. • Treat each person with respect and dignity. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Highest Potential Optimal level of function Residents are helped to maintain their optimal level of function. Encourage the person to be as independent as possible. Always focus on the person’s abilities. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Nursing Center Residents Alert, oriented residents Confused and disoriented residents Complete care residents Short-term residents Life-long residents Mentally ill residents Terminally ill residents All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Behavior Issues People who do not adjust well have some of the following behaviors: Anger Demanding behavior Self-centered behavior Aggressive behavior Withdrawal Inappropriate sexual behavior A person’s behavior may be unpleasant. You cannot avoid the person or lose control. Good communication is needed. Follow the care plan. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 For Effective Communication Use words that have the same meaning for you and the person. Avoid medical terms and words not familiar to the person. Communicate in a logical and orderly manner. Give facts and be specific. Be brief and concise. Understand and respect the resident as a person. View the person as a physical, psychological, social, and spiritual human being. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 For Effective Communication (Cont’d) Appreciate the person’s problems and frustrations. Respect the person’s rights. Respect the person’s religion and culture. Give the person time to process the information that you give. Repeat information as often as needed. Ask questions to see if the person understood you. Be patient. Include the person in conversations when others are present. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Verbal Communication Follow these rules for spoken communication: Face the person. Position yourself at the person’s eye level. Control the volume and tone of your voice. Speak clearly, slowly, and distinctly. Do not use slang or vulgar words. Repeat information as needed. Ask one question at a time. Do not shout, whisper, or mumble. Be kind, courteous, and friendly. The written word is used when the person cannot speak or hear but can read. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Nonverbal Communication Messages are sent with gestures, facial expressions, posture, body movements, touch, and smell. Touch means different things to different people. People send messages through their body language: • • • • Facial expressions and eye contact Posture and gait Gestures, hand and body movements Appearance (dress, hygiene, and so on) All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Communication Methods Listening means to focus on verbal and nonverbal communication. Paraphrasing is restating the person’s message in your own words. Direct questions focus on certain information. Open-ended questions invite the person to share thoughts, feelings, or ideas. Clarifying lets you make sure you understand the message. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Communication Methods (Cont’d) Focusing is dealing with a certain topic. Silence is a very powerful way to communicate. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Communication Barriers Communication barriers include: Using unfamiliar language Cultural differences Changing the subject Giving your opinion Talking a lot when others are silent Failure to listen Pat answers Illness and disability Age All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Residents with Disabilities A person may acquire a disability any time from birth through old age. People with disabilities have the: Same basic needs as you and everyone else Right to dignity and respect just like you and everyone else All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Care of the Comatose Person The person who is comatose is unconscious. The comatose person cannot respond to others. The person often can hear and can feel touch and pain. Knock before entering the person’s room. Tell the person your name, the time, and the place every time you enter the room. Give care on the same schedule every day. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Care of the Comatose Person (Cont’d) Explain what you are going to do. Explain care measures step-by-step as you do them. Tell the person when you are finishing care. Use touch to communicate care, concern, and comfort. Tell the person what time you will be back to check on him or her. Tell the person when you are leaving the room. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Family and Friends Help meet safety and security, love and belonging, and self-esteem needs Offer support and comfort Lessen loneliness Often help with the person’s care The presence or absence of family or friends affects the person’s quality of life. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Quality of Life The resident is the most important person in the nursing center. Learn as much as you can about a person’s religious and cultural beliefs and practices. Illness and disability affect quality of life. Always focus on the person’s abilities. Always treat family and visitors with respect. All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23