Transcript group process model - Information Services and Technology

GROUP PROCESS MODEL
Potential
Performance
Process
Losses
+
=
Process Gains
Actual Group
Performance
-
PROCESS GAINS
• New ways to motivate workers
• New technologies
• Information systems that improve
coordination & communication
• Addition of information, ideas, direction,
opinion
• Improved leadership
PROCESS LOSSES
•
•
•
•
Coordination problems
Communication problems
Motivation problems
Lack of information, ideas, direction,
opinion
• Problematic leadership
SOCIAL FACILITATION
Presence of
others
Arousal
Impaired if task
is not familiar or
is very difficult
Performance
level
Improved if task
is familiar or is
very easy
SOCIAL LOAFING
• Tendency of
individual to exert
less effort when
working in groups
• Six people doing a
task is not 6 times
faster than one
person
CONFORMITY
• Conformity — Yielding to the group by
changing behavior or attitude to match
the group's. Conformity includes
yielding because of private acceptance or
because of compliance
• Compliance — Conformity to a group
norm to obtain group rewards and avoid
costs
POWER OF NORMS
• Informational power -- provide
information as to what is appropriate and
correct in an ambiguous or a new
situation.
• Reward and punitive power -- adherence
to group norms provides social approval
and diminishes effort. Violation of norm
brings social disapproval
ASCH CONFORMITY TASK
STANDARD LINE
COMPARISON LINES
A
B
C
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE CONFORMITY
•
•
•
•
•
Group size
Unanimity of opinion
Group status, attractiveness
Support for non-conformity
Competence
HIGH PERFORMANCE
TEAMS
• The members: Build teams with regard to skills
and experience needed and Do not place
someone on a team who is resistant
• The situation: Clarify goals and then Train and
train again
• Rewards: Use appropriate performance
measures and Link individual rewards to team
performance
• Group influence: Encourage communication,
cooperation, and participation
BACKWARDS & FORWARDS
• Summing up: Examined how the group
influences individual performance via social
facilitation and social loafing. The conformity
process was explained in terms of informational
and reward influence. Factors that contribute
to conformity were detailed.
• Looking ahead. Next time, we explore the role
of communication in the organization and
particularly look at how it is changing with
technological advances in telecommunications