Transcript Social Care in Action

Social Care In Action
Booklet 14
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Learning Targets
• Understand the roles, the work, and skills of health / social care
professionals and their relationship with service users
Knowledge
• Examine the ways for fostering positive and caring relationships
in service delivery
• Build up the competence required for providing health and social
care services
•Develop the enabling skills in health promotion and the provision
of care services, including
•team-building and team work
Skills
•communication skills
•organisation skills
•Apply the above skills to study related health and social issues /
problems and carry out service learning
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Major characteristics of a profession
• Training
 professional skills acquired through a long period
of learning and training and certified in an
examination
• Regulation
 practice regulated by the acts of self-restraint,
professional ethics and standards
• Professional association
 society or association established by own
professionals, which has the authority to establish,
review and monitor the qualifications of its
members
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14.1
Professional Intervention
Topic 5 - Health Promotion and Maintenance and Social Care in Action
5A Professionals in health and social services
 5A3 Professional intervention
 To understand the roles, the work, skills of health / social care
professionals
 5B Health and social care services and agencies
 5B4 Purposes of service
 5B5 Forms of service delivery
 5B6 New trends in the delivery of health services and social care
services
 To compare different forms of service delivery
 To explore the new trends in the delivery of health services and
social care services
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Purposes of Intervention- Prevention
Healthcare Profession
•To avoid the development of a disease or injury / early
detection of diseases
 e.g. vaccinations/ health checks / health
education
Social Care Profession
•To encourage clients to manage their own lives / early
identification of individual and family problems
 e.g. family life education/ publicity/ counselling
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Purposes of Intervention- Emergency Support
Healthcare Profession
•To provide immediate care to individuals who is in
serious or potentially life-threatening condition
 e.g. first aid/ accident and emergency services
Social Care Profession
•To provide immediate care to individuals who
experience an event that is serious or potentially lifethreatening
 e.g. professional social workers provide shelter
homes for victims of domestic violence
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Purposes of Intervention - Curative and Problem-Solving
Healthcare Profession
to prevent progression of the disease / deterioration / shorten
the length of stay in the hospital / decrease mortality
 e.g. surgical treatment for removal of tumors
Social Care Profession
 to help clients to accept and cope with current difficulties,
incomplete, or difficult life situations
 e.g. social services to socially support battered spouses
and to give the unemployed re-training
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Purposes of Intervention - Rehabilitation
Healthcare Profession
•To minimize residual disabilities and complications / To
help persons with disabilities to fully extend their
physical, mental and social capabilities within the limits
of their disability
 e.g. physiotherapy / occupational therapy
Social Care Profession
•To provide support and care to clients’ physical, social,
intellectual and emotional needs / To help the clients to
reintegrate into the society/ return to normal life
 e.g. counselling for drug addicts/ gamblers
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Forms of service delivery
 Integrated vs. Specialised services
 Integrated services

Holistic care : physical, intellectual, emotional, social, religious
and cultural needs of the client are taken into account
 Specialised services


Healthcare Profession: needed when focused investigation or
treatment is necessary for patients with severe health conditions,
e.g. psychiatric problems and obstetric care
Social Care Profession: for particular groups, e.g. sexual violence
victims, survivors of domestic violence, batterers, ethnic
minorities and new immigrants
 Specialized and integrated services are always in parallel
development
 Centre-based vs. Outreach, Home-based, Residential
services (Refer to Booklet 7 – Community Care)
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New trends in the delivery of services
 Community based: focus at district level, long term
care
 provide support to the special needs of individuals
and families of the community and enhance selfhelp and mutual-help ability
 a kind of care delivered in or around people’s home,
or in homely settings in the community
 Community development
 empowering a local community by professionals to
address local concerns and provide support and care
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12.3. Professional Ethics
Topic 5 - Health Promotion and Maintenance and
Social Care in Action
5A4 Professional Ethics – Code of Practice
 privacy and confidentiality
 equality in care practice
 support and advocacy
5A6 The relationship between professionals and service users
 Patient/client centered
 Role of clients: not only as passive service receiver, but also actively
seeking information and participating in the decision making
To accept ethical standards and apply them in daily lives
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Professional Intervention
 Patient/client centered (D. Effective
Communication for Professional Intervention)
 Client readiness


Needs / problems need to be addressed
An expression of empathy
 Selection of goals with clients
 Follow up the needs of clients
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Professional Ethics
• Privacy / confidentiality
 to respect the privacy of the residents in the
residential care by providing the private space
 not to disclose the information about the clients
without his/her consent
• Equality
 to serve all clients equally irrespective of race,
nationality, belief, age, gender or social status etc.
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Professional Ethics
• Support and advocacy
 to support clients’ / patients’ in participation in planning and
implementation of services
 to advocate health promotion / social initiatives for improving the
health and well-being of the clients / patients
• Client-centred
 to respect the clients and assist them in making decisions
 to share information and collaborate with the service users to meet a
mutual agreement of a treatment plan/ solution
 to provide more user friendly services, e.g. online booking system
 to put the interest of the clients on the top of the priority
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14.2 Roles, Skills and Approaches in Management
Topic 5 - Health Promotion and Maintenance and Social
Care in Action
5D Leadership in health and social care
 5D1 Team building and team work in and across
professional, voluntary and private health and social care
 To develop the enabling skills in health promotion and
the provision of care services, including
 team-building and team work
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Leadership

Leadership styles ：Authoritarian, Participative
and Delegative

Different Roles of Managers：Planning Role,
Supervision and Administration Role, as well as
Leading Role

Leading Role



Set priorities for the tasks
Synthesize and get the work done with efficiency
Build the team
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Team Building and Team Work
 Roles of Team Leader
 Guidance： the process of directing the discussion and
providing structure for planning and action to take place
 Stimulation：reinforcing productive team efforts so all team
members are actively involved
 Coaching： giving feedback
 Coordinating：improving communication and feedback
among team members to produce a cohesive working team
 Roles of Team Members
 Involve：motivate others by getting them involved in an idea
or problem
 Listen： listens actively
 Support：supporting and encouraging others
 Compromise：gives up something for problem solving
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Team Building
 Conditions for an effective team
 A reason for working together that makes sense to the team members
 Mutually dependent on one another’s experience, abilities, and
commitment in order to accomplish mutual objectives
 Members believe in and are committed to the idea that working
together as a team is preferable to working alone
 The team accountable as a functioning unit within a larger
organisational context
 Norms for effective group functioning
 Before evaluating a member’s contribution, others check their
assumptions to ensure they have properly understood.
 Each person speaks on his or her own behalf and lets others speak for
themselves.
 When the group is not working well together it devotes time to
finding out why and makes the necessary adjustments.
 Conflict is inevitable but will be managed and dealt with positively. 18
14.3 Communication Skills
Topic 5 - Health Promotion and Maintenance and Social Care in
Action
5D Leadership in health and social care
 5D2 Communication skills
 Types of communication
 Communicating with different people, e.g. one’s health provider,
patients, health and social care providers
 Communication when working in teams
 Barriers to communication, factors enhancing or hindering the
effectiveness of communication
 Strategies to overcome the barriers and ways of enhancing the
effectiveness of communication
 To develop the enabling skills in health promotion and the
provision of care services, including：
 communication skills
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Process & Types of Communication
 Process：a person sends a message to another
person
 Including: thoughts, feelings or information
 Noise - impairs message and thus erroneous or
irrelevant information is transmitted
 Types ：
 Nonverbal Communication ： facial expressions,
body language, tones, pictures etc.
 Verbal Communication ： talk, e-mail, letters etc.
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Communication Barriers
Common communication barriers ：
 Lack of trust
 Message ambiguity/distorted
 Lack of empathy
 Lack of active listening
 Assuming
 Not agreeing
 Dominating
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Models of Communication
Linear
Model
Circular
Model
Helical
Model
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Linear Model
 Description:
 One-way communication that the
sender delivers the message and the
receiver receives the message
 Limitation:
 No chance for clarification of message
/ senders have to verify that what the
listener heard is what they meant to say
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Circular model
 Description:
 Two-way communication that the sender
delivers messages and the receiver gives
feedback to the sender on the message he/she
receives
 Limitation:
 This model may require a longer time of
communication (vs Linear Model)
 Noises will lead to unintended additions,
distortions, or deletions of a message that block
desired understanding (vs Helical Model)
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Helical Model
 Description:
 communication evolves in the beginning
and then develops further with
modifications
 Limitation:
 require the longest time of communication
and not applicable to the urgent cases
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Effective Communication

Ways to Enhance Effective Communication：

e.g. gather information / restate information,
thoughts or feelings / clarify problems / express
own feelings / stay calm and considerate / use of
an I-message instead of you-messages
 Active Listening

e.g. be motivated / make eye contact / show
interest / avoid distracting actions / empathy /
take in the whole picture / ask questions /
paraphrase / don’t interrupt / don’t over talk
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