Transcript Communication Partners - Center on Technology and Disability

The Center on Technology and Disability
is pleased to welcome
Patricia Ourand, MS, CCC-SLP
Adolescence through
Adulthood while
Communicating (AAC)
Patricia Ourand, MS, CCC-SLP
Associated Speech & Language Services, Inc.
410-336-7991
[email protected]
• This discussion is about how people communicate.
• Communication is central to human life.
• Everyone communicates ...
Poll Question
Is communicating medical needs the primary goal of AAC?
Goals of AAC
• Temporary
means of
communication
Temporary
Long-Term
• Long-term
means of
communication
• Facilitate
development of
natural, spoken
communication
Therapeutic
Goals of AAC
• Communicate self care needs
• Communicate emotional status
• Engage in social communicative interaction with familiar communication
partners (friends and family)
• Carry out communicative interactions in the community
Systematic Selection Process
• Initial interview
• Needs assessment
• Individual strengths and
limitations
• Access methods
•
•
•
•
•
Feature match
Trial mock-up
Final system analysis
Purchase
Follow-up
Initial Interview
Demographic info
Background info
Caregiver interview
Client observation
Needs
Assessment
Environment
Partners
Messages
Modes
(Adapted from Dowden et al., 1986)
Assessment
Data
Cognition
Language
Motor
Sensory
So, where do we go…
• Pictures
• Text
The Big Picture
The Power of Communication
"If all my possessions were taken
from me with one exception, I
would choose to keep the power of
communication, for by it I would
soon regain all the rest“
— Daniel Webster
Keyboard Layouts
Statistically Arranged
T9 Layout
John Dewey
Democracy and Education
‘A society which is mobile, which is full of channels for the
distribution of a change occurring anywhere, must see to it that its
members are educated to personal initiative and adaptability.
Otherwise, they will be overwhelmed by the changes in which they
are caught and whose significance or connections they do not
perceive.’
(1916, p. 88)
Sources
Communication Partners
Meet India Ochs
Meet India Ochs …
• Part of it really is who the person is,
either you have the self-confidence I
had or you don't. If you don't you can
learn to have success but I don't think
it's the same.
• It was also understanding people,
which goes back to self-confidence. I
knew early on that people only
teased because they lacked selfconfidence. But that doesn't mean I
wasn't vulnerable to fights at times.
… and her son Jack !
• Also, I always had older friends including
adults, and having adults respect you at any
age makes a huge difference.
• I also asked questions, and most people
respected me enough to answer. From the
beginning I knew to play to my audience
and I think that helped get me things I
wanted. (not only what you say to them, but
how you communicate, so whatever was
easiest for the other person, was how I
talked to people).
Higginbotham, Shane, Russell & Caves (2007)
• Partners benefit from communication output that fit within their:
• attention
• memory
• social interaction abilities
• Research should further explore communication partners’ abilities
and needs and support their access to device-mediated
communication
Communication Partners
• The variety of communication partners for individuals who use AAC
techniques and strategies include the various stakeholders, those partners
interested directly or tangentially in the field of and people who use AAC.
• This group has grown consistently over the recent two decades.
• For most, but not all individuals, these parties include families and caregivers.
The Literature
• Angelo (2000, 1997), Parrette & Angelo (1998, 1996) have all written to
discuss the role of family members and caregivers with regard to the initial
and ongoing successful integration of AAC devices and services.
Margalit (1990) and Silverman (1995) remind us that every member of the
family is influenced and/or affected by the introduction or updating of an
AAC device into the life of a family member.
Circles of Communication Partners
SGD User
1
Life Partners
1
2
2
3
Close friends/
relatives
4
5
3
Acquaintances
4
Paid Workers
5
Unfamiliar Partners
CSHA Conference April 16, 2005
27
Communicative Competence
• Light (1989) originally defined communicative competence as an individual’s
ability to communication functionally with communication partners across
the day and across all of their natural environments.
• This concept must be viewed from an individual’s orientation in time and
space and to people.
Communicative Competence
• Linguistic Skills/Competence
• Operational Skills/Competence
• Social Skills/Competence
• Strategic Skills/Competence
Linguistic Skills/Competence
• the receptive and expressive language skills of an individual in the native
language of that individual and communication partners.
• this skill set also includes the competence to learn and use symbols (e.g.,
letters, words, symbols, drawings) to communicate meaning.
Operational Skills/Competence
• refers to the individual’s ability to learn and become proficient in the
operation of the AAC system.
• is critical in electronic and non-electronic, as well as simple and complex
systems, and everything in between.
Social Skills/Competence
• refers to the pragmatic aspects of communication, which are critical in all
forms of communication including natural speech, as well as electronic and
non-electronic forms of AAC.
• these practical skills include the ability to initiate and maintain topics, engage
in turn-taking, demonstrate humor, among many other communicative
function.
Strategic Skills/Competence
• include those compensatory techniques or strategies employed by an
individual to guarantee effective communication interactions.
• such strategies may include mechanisms to introduce a communication
partner to an AAC system, or to avoid or repair communication breakdowns.
Poll Question
• Which is the most important environment to practice and use skills of
Communicative Competence:
• Therapy setting
• Home
• Community
Social Validation
Therapy
Home
Community
More recently …
• February 2010
• Fading linguistic and phonemic prompts
• Spontaneously producing 1-4 word questions and comments
• dinner?
• What now?
• Me, Karli and Steve
• Yes, he wears it.
April 2010
• Steve Reports …
• Jean uses and 60 +/- words for items around the house.
• Friends take her grocery shopping and expect her to
order items (i.e., lunch meats)
• While driving, Jean says “stop”; “left” and “right”.
May – June 2010
• Sentence completion task in therapy
05/11/2009
04/14/2010
Independently
20%
67%
Say-it-Sam
40%
23%
Phonemic Cues
40%
0%
• Using picture cards with open ended questions at home with only minimal
prompting
Patricia Ourand, MS, CCC-SLP
Associated Speech & Language Services, Inc.
1 East Chase Street, Unit 1138
Baltimore, MD 21202
410-336-7991
[email protected]