Transcript V. MEETING OF AESOP COMPLEXITY THEMATIC GROUP IN …

9th Meeting of AESOP Thematic Group on
Complexity and Planning
“Self-Organizing
and Spatial Planning”
WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN
SELF-ORGANIZING AND EVOLVING SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS
IN THE CASE OF ISTANBUL?
Nazire Diker Ph.D.
Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Architecture,
Department of City and Regional Planning Istanbul / Turkey
e-mail: [email protected]
Complexity and Synergetic
System Theories
Neo – Evolutionist Theories
Explain the rules of transferring a new and more complex order,
and the principles of self-organization process.
In chaos situations with self-organization processes,
• system continuously develop new communication and
interaction channels between sub-systems, organs and
elements
• and evolve into a new and more complex systems.
SYNERGETIC SYSTEM
•
Circular Causality
WHOLE
PARTS
•
General Order and Self – Organizations
•
Self – Learning
Livings, Organizations and Society
UNPREDICTABLE & UNCONTROLLABLE FUTURE
•
•
•
•
•
•
SYSTEM MUST BE INTEGRATED AS A WHOLE
Ready for every possible conditions of future
Have high level of ability for adaptation
Be flexible
Be very well organized
Have rapid information flow and decision-making process
Be living and dynamic organization
SELF-SIMILARITY IS THE BASIC PRICIPLE IN LIVING, NON-LINEAR AND
SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS
• Similar Order in Each Scale of Organization or Organism (Like in Fractals ). The power of
self-similarity occurs in the high level of complexity
• Building Communication – Interaction Channels Between Similarities
• Building More Complex System as a Whole than Before
Construction principle of Koch’s snow flake (Mandelbrot,1982)
Mandelbrot groups, parts have similar order
with whole (Gleick, 1987:128)
Flood & Carson, 1993)
LEVEL OF
INTEGRATION
ORDER WITH FLUCTUATION
ORDER
ORDER
ORDER
CHAOS
CHAOS
S-ORG : SELF-ORGANIZATION
OS
: OVER SPECIALIZATION
CHAOS
TIME
CHAOS
VARIATIONS IN
COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
INCREASE IN
NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK
UNIONS OF
SIMILARITIES
INCREASE IN
ERRORS
NEW
CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN NEW
UNIONS
INCREASE IN
COMPLEXITY
LEVEL
(ENTROPY)
ORDER
REGULAR
INFORMATION
FLOW
INCREASE IN
SPECIALIZATION &
HETEROGENEITY
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK REMEMBERING
CHRISTALLER’S HIERARCHY
THE MODEL OF
CHRISTALLER
CRITICISED THAT
WAS STATIC
EACH SOCIETY HAS SEVEN
SUB-SYSTEMS FROM
VILLAGE / QUARTER LEVEL
TO THE WORLD LEVEL
SOSYOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS
D
POWER
DYNAMICS
SPATIAL-TEMPORALCULTURAL DYNAMICS
ECOLOGYCAL
DYNAMICS
TECHNOLOGYCAL
DYNAMICS
INFORMATIONAL
DYNAMICS
HERE WITH THIS
MODEL
I ATTEMPTED TO
TRANSFER IT A
DYNAMIC
CONCEPTUAL
MODEL
Individual Family
SOSYOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS
POWER
DYNAMICS
Subjectivit
Personality
y
Social
Institutio
ns
Relationships
Built
Sharing
Culture
Ideology Authority Environment
Mobility
ECOLOGYCAL DYNAMICS
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS
History
Energy Production
Distribution
DYNAMICS
Biological
Physical
InformationInformation
Environment
Environment
Source Conductor
Human
Information
Being
Receiver
SPATIO-TEMPORAL &
CULTURAL ACCUMULATION
DYNAMICS
THERE MUST BE DYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM
TECHNOLOGYCAL
INFORMATICAL
DYNAMICS
LEVELS OF SOCIETIES
1. QUARTER
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
TOWN
PROVINCE
REGION
COUNTRY
INTERNATIONAL REGION
WORLD
MEANING OF SYNERGY & SYNERGETIC CONCEPTS
•
•
•
•
ENERGY: The capacity for
action, work or
accomplishment
ENERJETIC: Having,
exerting, increasing,
developing, or displacing
energy
ENERGIC:
Having performance for an
action or work
ENERGIZER: A factor which
effect or motivate the
formation & development of
energy
SYNERGY: The collective action of two or more substances, organs, or
organisms to achieve an effect of which each is individually incapable.
The emergence of great and unexpected power which is more than sum of
each of it when more than two parts / organs / organisms join together and to
be one
SYNERGETIC: A dynamic, powerful, living group or organization who can
self-organize by developing communication & interaction channels within subsystems or with others, and can create, and can develop synergy by
transferring their static energy to kinetic energy
SYNERGIC: Having synergy or having the ability to develop synergy
SYNERGIST / SYNERGISTIC / SYNERGIZER: A part, group or organ which
effect or motivate the formation & development of synergy
Planners must take the role which could be defined as
Synergist / Synergistic / Synergizer
between Sivil Society – Local Governments and State Organizations
THERE IS A NEED FOR COORDINATION HORIZONTALY AND
VERTICALY IN THE SOCIETIES
•Social synergy develops within the communication & interaction
channels between different levels of societies in the same dynamics.
•But when social synergy become to produce a solution they started
to connect horizontal linkages between different dynamics of that
society especially with power dynamics for some permissions.
•If there is an insufficiency in power dynamics of that society, the
power dynamics of upper level of society’s takes this role.
SYNERGIC ADMINISTRATION
ORGANIZATION
IN EACH LEVEL OF SOCIETY
HIERARCHIES IN
SYNERGIC
ADMINISTRATION
•
WORLD
•
INTERNATIONAL REGION
•
COUNTRY / NATION
•
REGION
•
PROVINCE
•
TOWN / DISTRICT
•
QUARTER
CIVIL
SOCIETY
STATE
-
LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS
ORGANIZATION OF SYNERGIC ADMINISTRATION
REPEATED IN EACH LEVEL
DYNAMIC PLATFORMS – CAUCUSES
CAUCUCES &
WORKSHOPS
IN DYNAMIC
PLATFORMS
HIERARCHIES OF
SYNERGIC ADMINISTRATION
• WORLD
• INTERNATIONAL REGION
• NATION /COUNTRY
• REGION
DYNAMIC
PLATFORMS
• 1.SOCIAL
• 2. PYSYCHOLOGICAL
• 3.TECHNOLOGICAL
• 4. INFORMATICS
• 5. SPATIO – TEMPORAL – CULTURAL
ACCUMULATIONS
•
6. ECOLOGICAL
• 7. POWER
• PROVINCE
• TOWN / DISTRICT
• QUARTER
COUNCIL
A FRACTAL
ABSTRACTION OF
SOME OF COMPLEX
VERTICAL AND
HORIZANTAL
COMMUNICATION &
INTERACTION
CHANNELS LIKE
NEURAL NETWORKS
BETWEEN
SYNERGETIC
DYNAMICS OF
SOCIETIES
There is not
hierarchical
relationships like
bureaucracy, an
actor from a
platform or
council in quarter
or village level
could built a
communication &
interaction
channel with
other nation’s
similar dynamic
platforms or
councils.
ANALOGIES BETWEEN EVOLUTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS & MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS OF SOCIETIES
IN THE EVOLUTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ORGANISMS, THEY CREATE MORE COMPLEX
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN THEIR BODY FROM PRITIVE TO COMPLEX
ORGANISMS
•PRIMITIVE ORGANISMS HAVE EPYPHYSIS &
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES HAVE CIVIL SOCIETY
THEIR BEHAVIOUR DEPENDS ON THEIR SENSES
•MAMMALS HAVE EPYPHISIS + HYPOPHYSIS &
CITY STATES HAVE LOCAL GOVERNMETNS
THEIR BEHAVIOUR DEPENDS ON
THEIR SENSES & HORMONAL SYSTEM
•HUMAN BEINGS HAVE EPYPHISIS + HYPOPHYSIS +
HYPOTHALAMUS & THEIR BEHAVIOUR DEPENDS ON
& THEIR SENSES & HORMONAL SYSTEM & RATIONAL MIND
BIG SOCIETIES HAVE NATIONAL STATES &
THEY DEVELOPED HIERARCHICAL RATIONALIST
SYSTEM
•WITH THE DEVELOPMENTS OF NEO-CORTEX IN
HUMAN BRAIN, HUMAN BEINGS HAVE STARTED
THERE IS A NEED TO COMPLEX MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM WHICH MAY BE SYNERGIC
TO IMAGINE, PLANNING, COMPLEX DECISION MAKING
IN COMPLEX & UNCERTAIN SITUATIONS (Domasio, 1999)
ADMINISTRATION FOR INTEGRATED COMPLEX
SOCIETY (Diker, N. 2003)
1950-2008 FRAGMENTATION OF DISTRICTS
ADMINISTRATIVE BORDERS
(Tasdemir, I., Batuk, F.)
SELF-ORGANIZING CITY OF IATANBUL
POPULATION CHANGES IN DISTRICTS
Changes ratios of districts population
into the total population of Istanbul
Districts have population at the
level of maximum limit (full)
Districts have more population increase
ratio than Istanbul’s average
(Kalkan, S., Çetiz, S., Akay, Z.; 2004)
1955-2007 SETTLEMENT AREAS MAP
(Tasdemir, I.,Batuk, F.)
SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS (1995)
EXISTING SETTLEMENT AREAS (1995)
(Tasdemir, I.,Batuk, F.)
1980- ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MASTER PLAN 1/50.000
1995- ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MASTER PLAN 1/100.000
2009- ISTANBUL ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN 1/100.000
NUMBERS OF
DISTRICTS
NUMBERS OF
QUARTERS
NUMBERS OF
VILLAGES
39
782
152
In 2004 the borders of Istanbul
Greater Municipality were extended
and become the same as borders of
Provincial Government