Transcript Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Verbal Communication
How You Know What Verbal
Messages Mean
Langue
and parole, or formal
grammatical structured
language versus everyday talk
Relationships and other frames
of familiarity also determine
our use of talk
Verbal Communication and
Multiple Meanings
– having multiple
meanings for the same word
(“Duck!”)
This creates ambiguity
Frames become important to
help reduce the ambiguity of
verbal communication
Polysemy
How Language Establishes
Communicative ‘Frames’
Naming
Sapir/Whorf
hypothesis
Classifying concepts into
thought units
Types of Verbal Meanings
– the use of talk to
identify or define objects
Connotative – the use of talk to
establish and understand the
implications and deeper
meanings of words
Denotative
Verbal Communication and
Intentionality
– the belief that
messages indicate a sender’s
intentions purposefully
We need to build relationships to
help us understand the intentions
of others
Relationships build connotative
understanding
Intentionality
Verbal Communication and
Hidden Values
The
words we use are valueladen and ‘encode’ our values
to the audience
Examples of God and Devil
terms
Effective speakers take care in
the words they choose
The Functions of ‘Talk’ in
Relationships
Instrumental
(to make
something happen)
Indexical (to indicate
something about the
relationship)
Essential (to create the ‘reality’
of the relationship)
Politeness,
‘face wants’
Ways of Speaking
Low-code
and high-code
Narrative
Fisher’s
Narrative Paradigm
Burke’s Dramatistic Pentad
Giving
accounts
Breaking Down Burke’s
Pentad