Transcript Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition

Public Speaking Handbook
3rd edition
Chapter 1
Introduction
to
Public
Speaking
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“A
journey
of a
thousand
miles
begins
with a
single
step”
- Chinese Proverb
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Why Study Public Speaking?
Empowerment
•
•
•
•
Help you
achieve goals.
Gives you
the “edge”.
Helps you
display confidence.
Helps you express conviction.
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Employment
•
•
Leaders are needed:
 to inform others
 to be organized, and
 to hold listeners attention.
Communication: top skill that helps
graduate land a job.
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Public Speaking and
Conversation
Public Speaking Is Planned
• Requires more practice.
• Requires more preparation.
• Requires more research.
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Public Speaking Is Formal
• Uses fewer slang expressions
• Uses less casual terms.
• Nonverbal
communication
is more formal.
• Gestures are more
planned.
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The Roles of Public Speakers and
Audiences Are Clearly Defined
• Less
interactive
than
conversation.
• Interruptions
seldom
happen.
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The Communication Process
Communication as Action
• Messages travel in a one-way direction.
• Source encodes (sends out) a message.
• Message: what is said and how it is said.
• Channel: how the message is sent.
• Receiver decodes (translates) a message.
• Noise: any interference with a message.
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A Model of Communication as Action:
Figure 1.1
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Communication as Interaction
• Message can be affected by
•
feedback from the other person.
Messages are sent in some context:
circumstances of a speech is:
 Time.
 Place.
 Speaker’s expectations.
 Audience’s expectations.
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An Interactive Model of Communication:
Figure 1.2
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Communication as Transaction
• Senders of a message are also
•
receiving messages at the same
time.
Receivers of a message are also
sending messages at the same time.
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A Transactive Model of Communication:
Figure 1.3
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The Rich Heritage
of Public Speaking
Fourth Century B.C.
• Golden age for
rhetoric in Greece.
• Rhetoric: the use
of words and
symbols to achieve a goal.
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Medieval Europe
• Clergy were very
skilled speakers.
• Martin Luther:
spoke about
“Articles of Faith.”
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Nineteenth Century
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•
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Spoke for states’ rights.
Spoke to abolish slavery.
Spoke for women’s rights.
Delivered already famous
speeches (declamation)
Focused on elocution
(effective delivery of a speech)
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Twentieth Century
• Radio and television help
many to hear speeches.
• War
• Holocaust
• Civil rights
• Democracy across
the world.
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Twenty-first Century
•
•
•
Hollywood involved
in speeches.
Streaming video captures
speeches globally.
Terrorism influences public address.
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Public Speaking and Diversity
A Coherent Framework
• Diverse audiences have
different expectations for
appropriate and effective
messages.
• Speakers must understand,
affirm and adapt to diverse
audiences.
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Public Speaking and Diversity
A Unifying Principle
•
•
Considering your
audience will guide
you through
speechmaking.
Focusing on your audience
and its needs will improve
your speech.
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