Transcript Communication in Our Lives - Missouri Western State University

Chapter Two:
Perception and Communication
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
2
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
 Perception-How We Make Sense of the World
 Perception is an Active Process
 Processes are Overlapping and Continuous
Perception
http://www.passia.org/seminars/2003/Communication-Khaleel-Isa.htm
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
3
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Selection
 Of What are We Conscious
Microsoft Image
 Qualities of External Phenomena
 Perceive What We Expect to Perceive
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
4
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Organization
 Constructivism and Schemata
Knowledge Structure
Microsoft Image
 Prototypes
Most Representative Example of Category
Use Prototypes to Define Categories
Constructivism
http://digitalliteracy.mwg.org/constructivisim.html
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
5
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Organization
 Constructivism and Schemata
 Personal Constructs
Mental Yardsticks
Position People and Situations
More Detailed Assessment
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
Microsoft Image
Along Bipolar Dimension
6
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Organization
 Constructivism and Schemata
 Stereotypes
Predictive Generalizations
May be Accurate or Inaccurate
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
Microsoft Image
Based on Category
7
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Organization
 Constructivism and Schemata
 Scripts
Way to Organize Perceptions
Guides Based on Personal Experience
Sequence of Activities Defining Expected Behavior
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
8
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Interpretation
 Subjective Process of Explaining
 Attributions
 Locus - Internal or External
 Stability - Stable or Unstable
Microsoft Image
 Scope - Global or Specific
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
 Responsibility - Within or Beyond
Personal Control
9
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Human Perception
Interpretation
 Self-Serving Bias
 Construct Attributions Serving Our Interests
 Positive Actions and Successes - Internal,
Stable, Global Attributions
 Negative Actions or Failures - External,
Unstable, Specific Attributions
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
10
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Physiology - Sensory Abilities
Microsoft Image
 Visual and Auditory Acuity
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
11
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Physiology - Sensory Abilities
 Visual and Auditory Acuity
Microsoft Image
 Physical Well Being
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
12
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Physiology - Sensory Abilities
 Visual and Auditory Acuity
 Age
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
Microsoft Image
 Physical Well Being
13
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Culture
 Beliefs
 Values
Microsoft Image
 Understandings
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
 Taken-For-Granted
Assumptions
14
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Standpoint Theory
 Social Communities
 Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Economic Class, Religion,
Spirituality, Age, and Sexual Orientation
 Power Positions in Social Hierarchies
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
15
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Social Roles
 Roles Others Communicate to Us
 Expectations of Role Fulfillment
 Career Choices
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
16
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Influences on Perception
 Cognitive Abilities
 Person-Centered Perception
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
Microsoft Image
 Cognitive Complexity
17
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Enhancing Communication
Competence
 Perceptions, Communication, & Abstraction
 Words Crystallize Perceptions
 Labels Affect Perceptions
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
18
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Enhancing Communication
Competence - Example
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
19
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Guidelines for Enhancing
Competence
 Recognize All Perceptions are Subjective
 Avoid Mind Reading
 Check Perceptions with Others
 Monitor Self-Serving Bias
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
20
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Communication Scenarios, Wadsworth/Thomson0
The Job Interview
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
21
Ch2: Perception and Communication
Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth
22