Transcript Concepts of engineering

PRINCIPLES OF
MANUFACTURING
FINAL EXAM TEST REVIEW
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT IS A DEVICE CREATED IN EARLY TIMES TO USE
WIND ENERGY
Windmills
• AN ENERGY CONVERTER HAS ________AND _________
ENERGY
Input and output
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PASSIVE AND
ACTIVE COLLECTORS?
Active collectors use the heat collected with the use
of heat exchangers while passive do not
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• NAME ONE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Internal engines use the heat of combustion inside the
engine while external use the heat outside the engine
• NAME ONE WAY THERMAL ENERGY IS USED TO HEAT
BUILDINGS AND HOMES.
Direct radiant heat through windows or heating up spaces
in between walls.
• TWO BASIC SYSTEMS USED TO CHANGE MOTION ARE
MECHANICAL AND _________SYSTEMS
Fluid
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• NAME A GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
SYSTEM.
Heat pumps
• NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF OCEAN ENERGY
CONVERSION SYSTEMS
Tidal mechanical or differential temperature
• BIOMASS CONVERSION USES TWO PROCESSES:
THERMOCHEMICAL AND ___________
Biochemical
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• A STEAM POWERED ELECTRICAL PLANT MIGHT USE
FOSSIL FUELS TO PRODUCE STEAM
True
• WHEN AN OBJECT HAS HAD ITS SHAPE OR DIRECTION
OF MOTION CHANGED, IT HAS BEEN ACTED ON BE A
Force
• NEWTONS ARE A MEASUREMENT OF FORCE IN THE
_____SYSTEM
SI Standard International
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• THE THREE TYPES OF NATURAL RESOURCES THAT ARE
INPUTS TO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ARE:
Genetic, Fossil Fuel, Mineral
• WHAT IS THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOSSIL
FUELS AND MINERALS
minerals have specific chemial compositions, but
fossil fuels have mixtures of chemicals
• NAME MINERAL TYPES
ores, nonmetallic, ceramic and gems
• LIST THE THREE TYPES OF PRIMARY PROCESSES
Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical/Electrochemical
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT ARE THE 5 BASIC STEPS OF CASTING AND
MOLDING
Prepare mold, prepare the material, introduce the
material into the mold, solidify and extract the part.
• WHAT IS A MATERIALS “PLASTIC RANGE”
The range of a materials deformation between
resting and yield point
• NAME THREE THINGS THAT ALL FORMING PROCESSES
HAVE IN COMMON.
Presence of a forming device, application of force,
consideration of material temperature
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• THE TWO KINDS OF SEPARATING PROCESSES
ARE_______
Machining and shearing
• WHAT ARE THE THREE THINGS ALL CHIP REMOVAL
PROCESSES HAVE IN COMMON
A tool or other cutting element is always present
Motion occurs between the tool and work
The work and the tool are given support
• THE TWO KINDS OF MOTION NEEDED FOR CHIP
REMOVAL ARE____
Cutter motion and feed motion
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT ARE THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF CONDITIONING
PROCESSES
Mechanical, chemical and thermal
• NAME TWO KINDS OF BONDING TECHNIQUES
Fusion bonding (welding) Adhesive bonding (gluing)
• GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A MECHANICAL FASTENER
Nuts/bolts, screws, nails
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• IDENTIFY ISAAC ASIMOV’S FIRST THREE LAWS OF
ROBOTICS. WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
A robot may not injure a human being or, through
inactions allow a human to come to harm
A robot must obey the orders given it by human
beings, except where such orders would conflict with
the first law
A robot must protect its own existence as long as
such existence does not conflict with the first and
second law.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT YEAR WAS THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL ROBOT PATENTED
1954
• SOME ROBOTS ARE CONSIDERED AS ANTHROPOMORPHIC.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
Human-like in form
• ROBOTS ARE CONSIDERED TO A KEY ELEMENT IN
AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING. DEFINE THE TERM
INDUSTRIAL ROBOT AND THE KEY FACTORS IN THAT
DEFINITION
A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed
to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices
through various programmed motions for the
performance of variety of tasks
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THE USE OF AUTOMATION
AND ROBOTS WILL REPLACE HUMAN WORKERS. OTHERS
BELIEVE THAT IF ROBOTS ARE NOT INCORPORATED INTO
MANUFACTURING, WE WILL LOSE FAR GREATER NUMBER
OF JOBS. EXPLAIN BOTH VIEWS
Robots can replace human workers in many repetitive
operations, However these robots are in need of regular
maintenance, programming, and installation. Work that
needed skilled human interaction.
“There is nothing a robot can do better than a willing
human being can do”.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• IDENTIFY THE FIVE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A
ROBOT AND EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH
Wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, shoulder joint
• NAME THE 3 TYPES OF POWER SUPPLIES USED TO
POWER ROBOTS
Electric, hydraulic, pneumatic
• WHAT DETERMINES THE SHAPE OF A ROBOT’S WORK
ENVELOPE
The type of coordinate system, the arrangement of
joints, and length of the robot segments
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• DEFINE WELDING
Joining of two or more pieces of metal together by
the fusion process
• DEFINE ELECTRODE
Metal rod which conducts a current from the
electrode holder to the base metal
• DEFINE BASE METAL
Metal to be welded
• DEFINE BEAD WELD
Made by one pass of the electrode
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• DEFINE AC CURRENT
(Alternating current) Welder current alternates direction 120 times
per second.
• DEFINE DC CURRENT
(Direct current) Welder current flows in the same direction.
• LIST THREE KINDS OF WELD
Fillet (inside corner), Groove, Bead
• LIST WELDING POSITIONS
Flat, Horizontal, Vertical, Overhead
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT IS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Communication technology is a system that uses technical
means to transmit information or data from one place to
another or from one person to another
• WHAT ARE THE 3 MAJOR ITEMS THAT WE TRY TO
COMMUNICATION
Ideas – information – emotion
• LIST THE THREE GOALS OF COMMUNICATION
Inform – Persuade - Entertain
• ALL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS HAVE TRANSMITTERS,
CHANNELS AND RECEIVERS.
True
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• AN UNWANTED SOUND OR SIGNAL IS CALLED______
Noise
• LIST THE FOUR TYPES OF COMMUNICATION.
Human to Human
Human to machine
Machine to human
Machine to machine
• LIST THE 5 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS.
Printed graphic, Photographic, telecommunication Technical
Graphic, computer and internet communication.
• WHAT ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRINTED GRAPHIC
COMMUNICATION
Oldest form, uses alphabet to convey message, takes written
word and places on substrate.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• LIST THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATION
Efficient method of communication
Used to supplement the written word
Uses photographs to convey ideas or information
• LIST THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNICAL GRAPHIC
COMMUNICATION
Conveys technical information such as assembly, size and shape
of parts for manufacture, or how to maintain a product.
Uses drawing and technical media processing (CAD)
• LIST THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER AND INTERNET
COMMUNICATION
Utilizes the computer, internet, local networks to convey pictures,
messages, data and information
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• NAME THREE PRODUCTS BY PRINTED GRAPHIC
COMMUNICATION
Newspaper, magazines, books, signs, brochures
• WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN STEPS IN PRODUCING
PRINTED PRODUCTS
Designing the message
Preparing to produce the message
Producing the message
• NAME TWO PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
DESIGN.
Design and layout /“the look” proportion and balance
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION?
Using photographs to convey an idea or information is called
photographic communication.
• LIST THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT WAVES.
Amplitude – Height of wave
Wavelength – determines range of visibility and color
Direction – refers to path that light waves travel. Changes due to
transmission, reflection, absorbed
• LIST THREE STEPS INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING A
PHOTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION MESSAGE.
Designing the message
Recording the image
Reproducing the message
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• THE SPOT TO WHICH YOUR EYE IS DRAWN IN A
PHOTOGRAPH IS CALLED________
Point of interest or focal point
• WHAT IS ONE OF THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DIGITAL AND FILM PHOTOGRAPHY.
Light images are stored a digital pixels on a Charge Coupled
Device (CCD)
Film uses light sensitive material that reacts with light to
forming a physical change in the material that is later
converted to a picture using chemical reactions
• WHAT DOES TELECOMMUNICATION MEAN?
Communication or distance
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• LIST THE TWO MAJOR TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS.
Hard wired
Broadcast
• LIST THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN DESIGNING A
BROADCAST MESSAGE.
Identifying the audience
Selecting the approach
Developing the message
• THE TWO TYPES OF WAVE COMMUNICATION IN
BROADCASTING ARE ______
Direct waves – Television and FM radio – transmitters and
receivers in line of each other or series of receivers
Reflected waves – bounce waves of ionosphere and received
by distant antennas – AM radio
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• LIST THE THREE BASIC SYSTEMS USED IN MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
Simplex – use same frequency or channel for the base and
mobile transmissions.
Duplex – use two frequencies between base and transmitter
Multiplex – uses multiple frequencies allowing multiple mobile
units to one base.
• NAME THE TWO COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS
LAN – local area network
WAN – wide area network
• THE TWO BASIC WAY COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO
THE INTERNET ARE DEDICATED ACCESS AND____ACCESS.
• Dial up access
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT IS AN INTERNET PROTOCOL?
An IP address is a number that identifies every computer
connected to the internet
• DEFINE THE TERM UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR.
URL – code that names documents or sites on the world wide
web, utilizes domain names where the page is located.
• SOFTWARE THAT ALLOWS A USER TO CONNECT WITH
THE WORLD WIDE WEB IS CALLED A(N)________
• Browser
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• THE SERVER THAT HANDLES INCOMING ELECTRONIC
MAIL IS CALLED THE ______SERVER.
POP3 – post office protocol
• THE SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS COMPUTERS TO CARRY
VOICE MESSAGES IS CALLED___________
• IP telephony