Transcript Confucuis China Presentation

Confucius & Ancient
China
• August 29
Activator
• “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do
and I understand.” Confucius
What does this quote mean?
Chinese Societies
• Element: Describe the development of Chinese
civilization under the Zhou and Qin.
• Vocabulary: Mandate of Heaven, dynastic cycle,
Zhou Dynasty, Qin dynasty, Shi Huangdi,
autocracy, Great Wall of China, terra cota army
Geography of China
Geographic China
• slightly larger than the United States
• rich in natural resources
• Farming a challenge on 2/3 of the land surface
• East China is where 96% of population live
• World’s largest population with 1.2 billion
Confucius
• Element: Explain the impact of Confucianism on
Chinese culture; include the examination
system, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of
peasants, the status of merchants, and the
patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to
Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea.
• Vocabulary: Confucius, filial piety, bureaucracy,
examination system
Family in Ancient China
Family:
• the basic economic and social unit
• a symbol of the social order
Farm Life:
• made families important
• many people were needed to work the farms
Family in Ancient China
patriarchal family:
• important to ancient Chinese family life
• every member has his or her own place
• the needs of the family members comes
second to the head male
• an important Confucian concept
Family in Ancient China
Roles:
• Young children worked in the fields
• Older sons
• expected to undertake physical labor
• to provide for their parents
• Men
• responsible for providing food for their families
• governed society
• were warriors and scholars
• Women
• raised children
• stayed at home
Confucius
• Kung Fu Tzu (551-479 BCE)
• a Chinese philosopher
• his teachings were recorded
and studied by his students
• Chinese pupils continued to
study Confucius’s teachings
until the twentieth century
• developed a code of ethical
conduct
• wrote “The Analects”
Confucianism
• Confucius code of ethical conduct
• developed as a result of the time of Warring
states after the fall of the Zhou Dynasty
• to restore order and moral living in China
• society was organized by right relationships
• believed that if humans acted in harmony with
the universe, then their affairs would prosper
Confucianism
• Dao (Way) - key to proper behavior
•
•
•
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careful observance of ancient traditions
reverence for learning
cherishing of honesty
devotion to parents, family, friends and obedient to rule
• individual needs second to the needs of family and
community
• urged people to “measure the feelings of others by one’s
own” (Golden Rule)
Father & Son
Filial Piety
Older &
Younger
Brother
Husband &
Wife
Relationships
Ruler &
Subject
Friend &
Friend
Five Constant
Relationships
• governed everybody
• each individual has a duty to all others
• relationships:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
father & son (filial piety)
husband & wife
older & younger brother
friend & friend
ruler & subject
Role of Government
• if each individual worked hard to fulfill his or her
duties, society would prosper
• rulers must set a good example and rule
virtuously if society is to prosper
• dominate relationship is the family
• strong, efficient government begins with the
family
Examination System
• civil service positions were
not to be chosen through
special or inherited
privilege, but through an
individual’s own abilities
• began in the 6th century
• required government
officials to pass tests
Examination System
• exams included civil laws, revenue and taxes,
agriculture and geography, military strategies,
and classics of Confucianism
• led to the development of a bureaucracy - a
trained civil service, or those who run the
government on day to day bases
Social Order
• “Let the ruler be a ruler, the
subject a subject”
• supports idea of the
Mandate of Heaven
• Devine Right Ruler highest
class in society
Social Order
• peasants made up the second-highest class
• Merchants occupied the lowest class because
they merely bought and sold what others had
made
• social division did not indicate wealth or power
• Peasants were still poor and merchants were still
rich
Diffusion
• Confucian scholars opposed war and other
coercive measures
• lead by moral example
• not by conquest or conversion
• legacy of Chinese regimes in Vietnam(southeast
Asia) and Korea
• embraced in Japan
Activity
• Today you will read and analyze quotes from
Confucius.
Summarizer
• How did Confucianism impact Chinese culture?