Transcript East Asia terms

East Asia terms
Silk Road
The primary trade route between China and the
west from 2nd century BC until 16th Century AD
Known as the most enduring trade route in human history.
Silk Road
Very seldom did people travel the entire
route. Merchants mostly traveled from one
segment, trading with other merchants who
would then travel the next segment.
Silk Road
Not only were luxury goods traded, such as silk,
gold, silver, ivory, horses, and wool, but also
ideas and information, such as new religions
Dynasty
a ruling family
that passes
control from
one
generation to
the next
China’s Dynasties
From at least
1766BC to this
century, China was
ruled by dynasties.
One dynasty lasted
more than 800
years, while another
lasted only fifteen
years.
China’s Dynasties
Hsia - 2200-1766BC
Most historians believed the Hsia to be a mythical dynasty, but recent
archaeological findings have verified their existence.
Shang - 1766- 1040BC
a highly developed culture - a writing system still in use today - an agricultural
economy - and armies of thousands whose commanders rode in chariots.
Chou - 1040BC- 256BC
The semi-nomadic Chou people from northwestern China overthrew the Shang
king. The Chou court developed a feudal society in China.
Ch’in - 221BC-206BC
Chinese writing systems were unified. Chinese defenses were strengthened by
creating the Great Wall.
China’s Dynasties
Han - 206BC-AD220
The Han Dynasty is often compared to the Roman Empire. It is considered the "Golden
Age of Chinese History.”
Tang - 960-1279
The largest, wealthiest, and most populous in the world at that time. The Tang based
their laws on based on Confucian thought.
Song - 1279-1368
The Song Dynasty continued the flowering of Chinese culture.
Yuan (Mongol) - 1279-1368
Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty after his Mongol tribes defeated China. The
Yuan encouraged Europeans to travel overland to China; Marco Polo was the most
famous of the early Europeans to make the journey.
Ming - 1368-1644
Founded by a Buddhist monk who led a peasant army to victory over the Mongols.
Qing (Manchu) - 1644-1911
Founded by conquerors from Manchuria in 1644, the Qing was the last imperial dynasty
of China. When it was overthrown in 1911, China became a republic.
Confucianism
A Chinese philosophy
developed by Confucius
in the 500’s BC
taught the importance of
moral character and of
individuals taking
responsibility for the
state and society
Taoism
A Chinese philosophy founded in the 500’s
BC by Lao Tzu.
Taoism
The goal of Taoism is to find
harmony with nature.
Genghis Khan
Great Mongol leader
who invaded China in
1211
Kublai Khan
Grandson of Genghis
Khan
Conquered China
and took the Chinese
name Yuan
Began Yuan Dynasty
Only foreign dynasty
to rule China
The Great Wall
1500-mile stone and brick wall built in
China to keep out invading Mongols
Question…
can the Great Wall be seen from the moon
No! However, it can be seen from a low orbit in space!
Communism
An economic and political
system in which property is
owned collectively and labor is
organized in a way that is
supposed to benefit all people.
The Long March
1934
Fleeing China’s Nationalist
government, Mao Zedong and
87,000 other Communist soldiers
began marching to northern China.
368 days later less than 10,000 men
reached their goal.
The Long March had to cross very difficult terrain such as snowy
mountains. Today is considered one of the greatest physical feats
of the Twentieth Century.
The Long March
Mao Zedong
Communist leader
of China
1949 - 1976
Implemented policies
such as the Great Leap
Forward and the
Cultural Revolution
Mao Zedong
Supported by millions of
peasants because of the
promise of land, Mao
Zedong and his People’s
Liberation Army defeated
the Nationalist (standing
government of China at
the time) and established a
Communist China.
Mao Zedong
•Wanted to establish a
socialist society.
•Land taken from wealthy
landowners and given to
poor
•establish collective farms
•Increase food
production
•More could work in
industry
Great Leap Forward
1958
Program under Mao Zedong
to help speed up economic
growth in China
Great Leap Forward
•Collective farms combined into communes
– some with more than 30,000 people who
lived and worked together
•Hoped this would create a classless society
•Profits were illegal – so people only
produced for themselves
•Thus, failure
•Bad weather
•Peasants hatred of new system
•15 million people died of starvation
Cultural Revolution
1965 – 1968
Mao Zedong’s continued attempt to
create a classless and new society
Wanted to eliminate the “Four Olds”
Old ideas
Old culture
Old customs
Old habits
Cultural Revolution
Little red book
The most important source
of knowledge in all areas
Cultural Revolution
Red Guards formed – formed mostly of young
people
Destroyed temples, books written by foreigners
and foreign music
Vicious attacks on those who deviated from
Mao’s plan or were “too western”
What aspects of the Cultural Revolution do we
see in this illustration?
Isolationism
A policy of isolating one’s
country from contact and
influence with other countries.
The purpose … to keep out
foreign ideas and protect the
country’s values and beliefs.
Tiananmen Square
A square in Beijing, China, where thousands
of protesters gathered in demonstration
against Communism.
On June 3, 1989, the
Communist
government of China
sent in the military to
take whatever action
necessary to stop the
demonstration. After
firing into the
crowds, mostly
consisting of collegeaged students, several
hundred were killed
and many more were
injured.
Opium War
A war over the trade of the drug opium,
which was fought between China and
Britain from 1839 – 1842.
Taiping Rebellion
One of the
greatest peasant
revolts in China’s
history. Raged
for 14 years and
took 20 million
lives.
Boxer Rebellion
A rebel group known as the Boxers rose up
against the Qing Dynasty.
Boxer Rebellion
Purpose … to defeat the dynasty and force
all foreigners out.
Boxer Rebellion
British, French, Russian, Japanese, and American troops
joined together and defeated the Boxers. This left China’s
government in turmoil.
Subsistence Farming
growing only enough crops
to sustain your family
Cottage Industries
An industry where the creation of
products and services is homebased, rather than factory-based.
Cottage Industries
Cottage industries—the local production of traditional
are seen as a way to employ the unemployed. In
Nepal, these industries have included pottery,
handmade paper and products, woodwork, metal
work, weaving, embroidery, and basket making, and
draw on artistic traditions dating back centuries. They
contribute about 60 percent of industrial production.
Typhoon
A tropical hurricane in the western
Pacific and China Seas
Tsunami
an unusually large
sea wave
produced by a
seaquake or
undersea volcanic
eruption
Population density
The number of people
relative to the space
occupied by them
Even though India is 2nd in population
to China, why do you think they have a
higher population density?
Archipelago
A large group or chain of islands
Clan
A group of families who trace their
descent from a common ancestor
Yamato clan in
Japan emerged as
the most powerful
clan and
established a
government that
ruled for hundreds
of years.
Shinto
A Japanese religion that developed around
300 BC.
Shinto teaches that supernatural beings called
kami live in all objects and forces of nature.
Shinto
The most common Shinto symbol – torii – the
shrine gate. This one is called a floating torii.
Mt. Fuji – sacred
mountain to
Shinto
Hiroshima
and
Nagasaki
Cities
bombed by
US during
WWII with
atomic
bombs
Hiroshima before the bomb
Hiroshima after the bomb
120,000 killed initially by the bombs … within the next
weeks, months, and years the numbers would increase to
more than 240,000
Hiroshima
Building that
partially
survived the
bomb …
Hiroshima
Now stands as a
memorial
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945