Transcript Athletic Nutrition and Eating Disorders

ATHLETIC
NUTRITION AND
EATING
DISORDERS
NUTRITIONAL QUACKERY
 Athletes
seek out magic supplements
that will give them an edge over their
competitors
 New dietary supplements are marketed
each day
 Often sold without any supporting
scientific research on benefits or
harmful side effects
 Supplements are treated as foods so
they are not evaluated for safety and
effectiveness
 Individuals
and companies advertise
false or unproven nutritional
supplements to make money
 Who they prey on: the athlete who is
eager for an edge
 Always check with a nutritionist/doctor
before taking a new supplement
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Make sure to be informed on the effects it may
have on the body
It will save money, disappointment, and athlete’s
health
MAKING THE WEIGHT
Most important aspect of fitness and athletic
performance is controlling weight
 Athletic performance and good health are
enhanced by proper weight management
 Active men and women require 2200 calories a
day
 Some active men need 2800 and higher,
endurance athletes require much more
 Being overweight and underweight is result
of eating more or fewer calories
 Food choices and exercise determine body weight
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GAINING WEIGHT

Increase lean body mass
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Muscle not body fat
2500 calories to gain one pound of lean body
mass
 3500 calories to gain one pound of fat
 Lean body mass cannot be increased by
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Special vitamins
 Foods
 Supplements
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Possible to gain 1 to 2 pounds per week if
weight training is involved
 Without weight training and increased energy
expenditure excess calories will convert to fat
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LOSING WEIGHT
 Ways
to lose weight
Restricting caloric intake (dieting)
 Exercise
 Restricting caloric intake and exercise

 Dieting
alone is the most difficult way to
lose weight
Long term dieting only has a 2% success rate
 35% to 45% of weight decrease in dieting is from
lean body tissue
 Females should not drop below 1000 calories
 Males should not drop below 1200 calories
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 Weight
loss through exercise may result in
increased Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Increases strength and flexibility
 Positive for an athlete’s overall health
 Same results on the body as just dieting alone

 Best
approach to losing weight is dieting
and exercise

Moderate increase in activity with moderate decrease in
caloric intake will cause body to burn calories

Losing weight
Weight loss of 1-2 pounds per week is healthy
 Weight loss of more than 2 pounds per week may be
due to dehydration

 Always
check with physician before dieting
PRE-GAME MEAL
 Should
start days before competition not just
night before
 Athletes believe a pre-game meal will give
them the energy they need for competition
 Energy actually comes from muscle
glycogen stores that are built up by highcarbohydrate meals every day not just the
pre-game meal
 Foods eaten before the game helps
supplement muscle glycogen stores
 Prevents

a low blood sugar level
Symptoms include:
Light-headedness
 Fatigue
 Low concentration
 All interfere with athlete’s performance

 Should
be consumed 3 to 4 hours before the
game
 High in carbohydrates and fluids
 Grain
products, vegetables, and fruit are best
choices

Digested quickly and readily available for fuel
 Protein

intake should be in moderation
Takes longer to digest
 Foods
high in fat stay in stomach the longest
and feel heavy and uncomfortable
 Restrict sugary foods
Cause rapid swings in blood sugar levels
 Result in low blood sugar and less energy

 Avoid
foods and drinks that contain caffeine
Stimulates body to increase urine output
 Cause dehydration problems
 Full bladder is uncomfortable

 If
the athlete does not have enough time for
a pre-game meal small carbohydrate
snacks should be consumed

Whole-wheat bread with peanut butter, banana,
juice, and water can be consumed 2 hours before
game
EATING DISORDERS
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Eating patterns include anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, and binge eating
All of these behaviors are dangerous and can result in
serious health problems
Underlying reasons for disordered eating
Distorted self-image
Guilt
 Depression
 Overemphasis on leanness and physical appearance
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10% are male athletes and most of those are
wrestlers
Extreme weight loss measures aimed at losing a few
pounds as quickly as possible to make their weight
are not only unhealthy but can be deadly.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
 Psychological
disorder occurring mostly in
young women but becoming common in men
 Causes
Abnormal fear of becoming obese
 Distorted self-image
 Persistent unwillingness to eat
 Severe weight loss

Symptoms
Complications
 15%
 Starvation
loss of normal
body weight
 Loss of appetite
 Loss of
menstruation
 Fatigue and
dizziness
 Constipation
 Abdominal pains
 Dehydration
 Muscle
and
cartilage
deterioration
 Osteoporosis
 Irregular or slow
heartbeat
 Heart failure
BULIMIA
 Common
among women of normal or
nearly normal body weight
 Characterized by
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Episodic binge eating followed by feelings of
Guilt
 Depression
 Self-condemnation

Symptoms
Complications
Fluctuations in
weight
 Dental cavities from
vomiting stomach acid
 Dehydration
 Fatigue and
dizziness
 Constipation
 Abdominal pains
 Swelling of salivary
glands
 Irregular or absent
menstruation
 Stomach

ulceration
 Bowel damage
 Inflammation or
tearing of the
esophagus
 Laxative addiction
 Tingling hands and
feet
 Electrolyte
imbalances which
lead to heart failure
FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD
A disorder that affects female athletes
 Each component can impair health and athletic
performance
 First recognized by the American College of
Sports Medicine in 1992
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Prior to 1992 disordered eating was considered
separately from athletic participation
Characterized by
Disordered eating
 Amenorrhea
 Osteoporosis
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ATHLETES AT RISK
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Competitive nature
and strong discipline
Competitive athletes tend
to have a more rigorous
training schedule and a
“play to win” attitude
towards sports
The emphasis on
appearance and
perception that carrying
less weight will
improve performance
DISORDERED EATING – ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA,
THAT ULTIMATELY RESULT IN MALNUTRITION
If muscles lack
sufficient and proper
fuel, performance
will be impaired
 Lack of fuel can lead to
inability to
concentrate
 The athlete with
strength losses and
poor concentration is
prone to injuries

AMENORRHEA
Lack of a menstrual flow
 Certain % of body fat is needed for proper
functioning of the menstrual cycle
 If body fat % gets too low the hormonal balance
and the menstrual cycle are affected
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OSTEOPOROSIS
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Bone loss
Common among women
after menopause
Amenorrhea can lead
to osteoporosis in
female athletes like it
does in postmenopausal
women
Stress fractures
become more common
and repair is slow
WARNING SIGNS
Frequent or unexplained injuries, especially
stress fractures
 Excessive or compulsive exercise
 Change in performance
 Impaired concentration
 Absent or irregular menstrual periods
 Restrictive eating masked as “performanceenhancing” meal plan
 Use of weight loss products or supplements
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PREVENTION
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Choosing an activity that
compliments the
individual’s natural
body strengths
Realizing that health is
more important than
competitive success
Avoid frequent weigh-ins,
weight comments, and
punitive consequences
for weight gain
Appreciating a healthy,
active body.
Know optimal weight for health and performance is
different for everyone
 Realizing that the thinnest athletes are not necessarily the
fastest or the strongest.
 Thinking of food as the ultimate performance enhancer
 Not starving the bones. Part of the diet should include
several servings of good calcium sources
 Being a role model with words and actions. Take a
positive attitude about eating and enjoying foods
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ATHLETIC NUTRITION RESTAURANT/CAFÉ
Create a menu for a restaurant/café that specializes
in athletic nutrition
 Includes at least 4 different meals for breakfast,
lunch, and dinner.
 Include 4 snacks the athlete could come in a get
after working out or before a game/match/meet.
 Include prices
 Create a eye catching front cover which includes
the name, address, phone number, website, and
hours of operation
 Use 5 colors
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