Transcript Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties in China

ANCIENT CHINA
• Northern China
– Drier
– Colder
– shorter growing season
– wheat
• Southern China
– More rain
– Warmer
– longer growing season
– rice
• Huang R.=Yellow R.
• Flows 2,900 miles ,
from west to east
into the Yellow Sea
• Called the “Yellow
River”, because
loess gives it a
yellow tint
• Loess: fine, fertile
yellowish soil
• The Huang river is
prone to violent,
unpredictable floods.
• Because of this, it is
often called “China’s
Sorrow”.
• Early Chinese farmers built
dikes to protect crops
• Dikes slowed the river’s
flow
• Thus more silt deposited on
the river bottom
• This had the unintended
result of making the river
level higher and higher
• Then the river flooded even
more easily
• “ the government and the people go on
building dikes until the level of the river
becomes slightly higher than the
surrounding country . . It would be better
to follow the nature of the water. . . The
water-ways would keep themselves in
order and there would be much less
danger from floods breaking through, with
all the harm they bring about.” – Chang
Jung, Engineer, 1BC
• Today the Huang flows 12 feet above the
surrounding land.
• Chang (Yantze)
River flows 3,434
miles, west to east.
The river cuts a
deep channel
through its valley
• Xi River also flows
w to e, about 1,200
miles long
• China separated from
the civilizations of
India, Mesopotamia,
and Egypt by great
distances, rugged
mountains, and harsh
deserts
• Thus China was
isolated China from
the civilizations and
India, Mesopotamia
and Egypt.
• China developed its
own culture; it was
probably influenced
less by other cultures
than any other
people in ancient
times.
• Influences from other
cultures can be good,
or bad.
• China did have regular
contact with nomadic
herders who lived north of
China.
• Sometimes these northern
nomadic herders traded
peacefully with China.
• Often they attacked China.
• China considered the
northern nomadic herders
barbarians.
Mulan-Huns Attack
• China had a strong sense of its identity
• China called itself “Zhongguo” which
means “Middle Kingdom”, because they
thought of themselves in as in the middle
of the world.
• Chinese history is traditionally divided into
“dynasties”, families than pass leadership
down through their family
XIA DYNASTY about 2200BC1600BC
• No written
records exist of
this period,
Chinese legend
says this was
the first dynasty
• The Xia dynasty
centered on the
Huang River.
XIA DYNASTY
• Myths/Legends from this period include Pangu
and Yu
– Pangu – creation story
• First there was chaos. The Chaos formed into an egg. Pangu
was born from the egg.
• Eventually everything in the world was made from his body
parts.
XIA DYNASTY
– Yu: water engineer who drained
away floodwater, and became a
ruler.
• Was the son of Gun, a waterengineer
• A terrible flood occurred, Gun was
unable to control it, and was
executed
• The King appointed Yu to take his
father’s place
• Instead of just building more dikes,
Yu dug channels to take away the
excess water, and to use for irrigation
• Yu worked constantly for 13 years,
with backbreaking labor. It worked!
• The King appointed Yu as the next
ruler
Xia (2200BC-1600BC )
• Achievements
– Improved methods of agriculture
– Made bronze from copper + tin
– Buried nobles with many grave goods & with
sacrificed servants
– Made offering to deceased ancestors
SHANG Dynasty: About
1600BC-1050BC
• First dynasty of which we have written
records
SHANG-Government & Military
• Centered on the Huang R.
• Ruled by a king who was assisted by complex
bureaucracy
• The government supervised irrigation and
flood control
• Military used war chariots & bronze weapons
• Last capital - Anyang
Royal Shang Tombs
• Many royal Shang tombs have been found and
excavated near Anyang.
• The tombs are large, with luxury items in them, as well
as many bodies of people sacrificed.
• Often the people who were sacrificed were beheaded.
ROYAL SHANG TOMBS
• Only royal tomb found that was not looted
by grave rovers was the tomb of Fu Hao, a
wife of King Wu Ding.
• She was a warrior queen, who often led the
army.
• The tomb is a modest size
• Royal corpse in a lacquered coffin
– Remains of 6 dogs & 16 servants
• Altogether Fu Hao's tomb contained:
– 468 bronze objects including weapons, bells, knives,
mirrors,
– 755 jade objects
– 63 stone objects
– 5 ivory objects
– 564 bone objects including nearly 500 bone hairpins
– pottery objects
– 6,900 pieces of cowry shell
– Sixteen other skeletons, presumably sacrificed at Fu Hao’s
death.
SHANG-Agriculture
• Economy based on agriculture; raised
millet & rice; raised pigs & chickens for
meat; horses for labor.
• Used very simple tools of wood & stone;
used irrigation.
• Most people were subsistence farmers
CRAFTS-Silk
• Made Silk
• Grew mulberry trees.
• Fed leaves to silk
caterpillars
• Caterpillars spin cocoons
• Boiled the cocoons
• Unwound the cocoons
• Spun the silk thread
• Wove thread into
beautiful, strong cloth.
• It is believed that the Chinese first started
making silk around 2,700BC. Legend has
it that Empress Si Ling Chi discovered silk
when a silkworm moth cocoon fell from a
mulberry tree into her tea. After some
experiment, she finally managed to weave
the silk filament into a piece of fabric.
• Silk was considered
China’s most valuable
trade commodity,
resulting in the
famous Silk Road
trading route. Silk
making was a closelyguarded government
secret until AD300
when it was leaked
out to India. Then
other people began
making it
Other CRAFTS
• Made jade ornaments,
including burial ornaments.
Jade was believed to have
magical properties
• Making bronze weapons &
ornaments
• Making fine pottery from
kaolin (fine white clay) with a
hard glaze
CALENDAR
• Used 2 calendars: Lunar calendar and Solar
calendar
• Lunar month had 29 days.
• The king’s skilled priest-astronomers
determined the number of days to be added
to 12 lunar months to make up a solar year
• A king’s popularity depended upon the
success of the harvest, which depended in
part on when the people planted, which
depended upon the accuracy of the
calendar.
RELIGION
• Polytheistic Religion.
Chief God – Shang di.
There were gods of
natural forces under him.
• Ancestor veneration.
• Also believed in kindly
dragons, including one
who protected rivers
• Animism: religious belief
that spirits inhabit
natural things
Ancestor
veneration
• People could not pray directly
to Gods.
• People prayed to ancestors,
who talked to the Gods for
them.
• Set up an altar to the
ancestors, with plaques with
the names of the ancestors on
them.
• Made offerings to the
ancestors, asking for good
fortune or advice.
Mulan-Ancestors
CHINESE WRITING –ORACLE
BONES
• First Chinese writing was on Oracle Bones
• Oracle bones were animal bones or tortoise shells
on which a priest had written a question
• Used to ask the ancestors a question
• Then the bone or shell was touched with a hot
poker & it cracked
• The crack was interpreted to give the answer:
yes or no.
• Many questions were asked by the Shang kings.
The questions have taught historians a lot about
Shang history.
ORACLE BONES
New Discoveries in Oracle
Bones
EARLY CHINESE WRITING
• The first characters were pictographs-simple
drawings of objects
• Then they developed ideographs- symbols that
represented an idea
• Pictographs & ideographs represented the thing
or idea, but had no relationship to the sound of
the spoken word. Some ideographs added a
phonetic sound sign to show how to pronounce
it.
• Symbols could be combined to form new ones
FALL OF THE SHANG-1050BC
• The Shang were weakened from continually
battling northern barbarians
• The Zhou, a people who lived to the West of the
Shang Empire, made an alliance with nearby
tribes.
• The Zhou overthrew the Shang and started a
new Chinese dynasty
• Zhou justified their overthrow of the Shang by
the Theory of the Mandate of Heaven.
“MANDATE OF HEAVEN” and the
“DYNASTIC CYCLE”
• A dynasty is founded by a powerful leader, who is energetic &
conscientious
• The is a period of power and prosperity
• With each generation the rulers become lazier and less
competent
* higher taxes
* fewer social services
* natural disasters begin
• Heaven removes the “Mandate of Heaven” from the old
dynasty and gives it to someone new
• There is a rebellion, and the old dynasty if overthrown
• The new dynasty, that has the Mandate of Heaven, takes over
MANDATE OF HEAVEN & THE
DYNASTIC CYCLE
• It is self justifying. If someone manages to
successfully overthrow a dynasty, it is
“proof” that the new dynasty has the
mandate of heaven.
Mandate of Heaven and the
Dynastic Cycle
• The Zhou dynasty historians made
up this theory to justify the
overthrow of the Shang dynasty by
the Zhou.
• For instance, they said that that the
last ruler of the Shang dynasty was
horribly corrupt, drank too much,
had wild orgies. He would devise
horrible punishments, and even
made a girl who refused him into a
paste which he ate.
ZHOU DYNASTY-Government
• Long dynasty: 1050-256BC, but Zhou did not really rule
all China the whole time.
• Zhou king gave large pieces of land to relatives &
friends, who became the nobles.
• These relatives & friends ruled their lands, In exchange,
they give the King loyalty military service when he
requests it.
• The relatives & friends of the King, who held lands,
passed them to their descendants, but each generation
renewed its pledge of loyalty to the Shang King.
• This type of de-centralized government is often called
feudalism, a system in which the main ruler delegates
authority over lands to nobles.
ZHOU-change in status
•
1050BC- Zhou king ruled with the help of nobles, who were loyal to him.
This began the period of the period of Western Zhou
•
Gradually some nobles became less loyal & more independent.
•
771BC-Zhou China was invaded by northern barbarians. The King killed,
but his son fled to the east, sets up a new capital, and ruled a smaller
area. This began the period of the Eastern Zhou
•
From this point the Zhou kings loose power and prestige.
•
By 400sBC – Nobles no longer obeyed the Zhou King at all, although he
continued to “reign”. This began the period of the “Warring States”.
– Nobles toke the title King in their own lands
– Nobles waged contual war on each other
--This was (ironically) a time when great ideas and philosophies arose:
* Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism.
GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS OF
ZHOU Dynasty
* Economic & technological progress
* Began to use iron-better farm tools- more foodpopulation
*
Began to use money – increased trade & prosperity
Coins had holes and were strung on strings of 1000
coins each.
* The feudal nobles built roads, canals, and some built
walls to protect their lands
.
MORE ACHIEVEMENTS OF
ZHOU DYNASTY
CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS:
* Scholars and poets wrote great, classic
books. They were written on slivers of wood
bound together.
* Most important philosophies established:
• Confucianism-Respect!
• Daoism-FOLLOW THE WAY OF NATURE!
• Legalism-OBEY THE RULES OR ELSE!
QIN DYNASTY: 221BC-206BC
• 200sBC: China was a collection of “warring states”
• CHENG, the ruler of QIN (one of the feudal states)
began conquering and defeating the others.
• CHENG followed Legalist philosophy (strict laws and
harsh punishments are necessary to keep order)
• By 221BC, CHENG, ruler of Qin, had defeated all the
other “warring states”.
• CHENG took the title Shi Huangdi –Qin Shi Huang Ti1st Emperor!!!!
• Established Qin dynasty, a short dynasty, only about 15
years. (“China” comes from Qin, also spelled Chin)
QIN GOVERNMENT
• Abolished the old feudal states & divided
China into 36 districts over which he
exerted total control.
• Established an autocracy-emperor had
total control
• forced all nobles families to live in his
capital-Chang-an
• Imposed strict laws, harsh punishments,
high taxes
Qin – imposed uniformity
• Imposed uniformity throughout China in
- Weights and measures
• -Money
• -Style of Chinese writing
• -Even the axle widths of carts!
QIN- Represssion of dissent
• Banned and burned all books he
considered useless, that is, all books other
than practical “how-to” manuals.
• Killed – buried alive – about 400
Confucian scholars, so they could not
disagree with him.
Qin – Big Building Projects
*Repaired and extended roads and canals
*Connected walls across the north to form
one long wall – the “Great Wall”- over
1500 miles long. Built by forced labor of
peasants, many of whom died.
* Built his own incredible tomb, guarded by
army of terra-cotta warriors.
Great Wall Today (NOT AS IT
WAS IN THE QIN DYNASTY)
Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty
Video-Great Wall & Tomb
Qin Shi Huangdi=Qin Shi Huang
• http://www.history.com/topics/great-wallof-china/videos/ascending-the-chinesethrone?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&
f=1&free=false
• http://www.history.com/topics/great-wallof-china/videos/building-the-great-wall
• http://www.history.com/topics/great-wallof-china/videos/attainingimmortality?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefi
ned&f=1&free=false
First 5 Dynasties
•
•
•
•
•
Xia (sh-ia)Shang
Zhou (last part called “warring states”)
Qin
Han
QIN: Fall in 206
• Qin Shi Huangdi=Qin Shi Huang, died.
His son briefly took over.
• Anger boiled over and a rebel army
overthrew the Qin dynasty.
• Several leaders struggled for power. Liu
Bang, a commoner who had risen to
become a general, won the power struggle
and took power. He started the Han
dynasty.
HAN DYNASTY 206BC-220AD
• Founded by Liu Bang (the general who won the
power struggle following the overthrow of the
Qin dynasty)
• Lasted about 400 years!! Much longer than the
Qin dynasty!!
• The Han emperors kept the tightly centralized
government started by Qin Shi Huangdi.
• However, in general, the Han emperors were
milder & more moderate in the way they ruled.
• Han rulers followed the philosophy of
Confucianism, rather than Legalism
Chinese “Civil Service System”
• System of giving government jobs to men who passed a
difficult written exam
• These government officials who passed it handled the
day-to-day business of government throughout China.
• The exam was based on knowledge of Chinese
Confucian philosophy, literature, poetry.
• Theoretically, the test was open to any male, but most
men who passed it were from upper class families.
• Eventually, the exam was in 3 stages: local, regional,
national
• Emperor Wudi (Wu-ti) started a university to prepare
men to take the exam.
Emperor Wudi (Wu-ti)
(140BC-87BC): Economic policies
• Leveling
*Economic policy of price control on basic food products
*Government bought up grain in years of good harvest, stored it,
and sold it to people in bad years at a fixed price. Food prices
stayed the same.
• Government Monopolies
* Established a government monopoly on the production of iron,
salt, and alcoholic beverages in order to get more revenue for the
government without raising taxes
Wudi: Military Achievements
• Fought and defeated the Xiongnu (Huns)
• Expanded the borders of China
• Used arranged marriages of Chinese
princesses to foreign chieftains to help
insure peace.
Wudi & the Silk Road
• Wudi sent Zhang and 100 men west from
Chang-an (Xi’an) the capital to make
alliances with neighboring people against
the Xiongnu.
• Made contacts with people to the west &
started the famous trade route called the
Silk Road
INVENTIONS DURING THE HAN
• Paper. Made from ground-up plant
material.
• Magnetic compass. Originally a piece of
lodestone floated on water or placed on a
bronze disk. Aligned N-S.
• Wheel-barrow
• Seismograph: detected earth quakes.
Capital of Han Dynasty China
•
•
•
•
•
Chang-An (Xi’an)
A million people
Narrow streets, markets, temples
Rich –large luxurious houses
Poor – often homeless
1st 5 Dynasties
• Xia-Located on the Huang River. Known from legends &
archeology
• Shang-About 400 years. Located on the Huang R.
Invented Chinese writing.
• Zhou-About 700 years. Justified overthrow of Zhou by
the Mandate of Heaven. Organized according to
feudalism. Degenerated into the “warring states”. Time of
the emergence of great philosophies.
• Qin-Very short, only 15 years. Qin Shi Huangdi tightly
centralized China & followed Legalism. Burned books &
buried scholars. Built the Great Wall & his tomb.
• Han-About 400 years. Followed Confucianism. Emperor
Wudi had wise policies.
Dynasty Song
History of China in 3 minutesrap
Imperial Dynasty-Qin and Han
dynasty-It’s History-7 min
It’s History-Yellow River-Shang
& Zhou
Philosophies/Religions of China
• Ancient Chinese beliefs
• 3 great philosophies developed in China
between 600BC-300BC
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
* Buddhism came into China from India
Ancient Chinese Beliefs
• Polytheism-Ancient Chinese
Gods
• Prayer (veneration) to
Ancestors
• Belief that there should be
always be
a balance of
Yin
&
Yang
female
male
dark
light
passive
active
“ couch potato” “nervous wreck”
Mulan-Yin and Yang
Confucius – “Kong”
• Started by Kong Fuzi (551BC-479BC) whom we
call Confucius
• Born 551BC,in state of Lu, ,during the period of
the Warring States
• His father died when he was 3, family left in
poverty
• Nonetheless, he was very intelligent & received
a good education
• Married & had 3 children
Confucius – “Kong”
• Developed ideas about what would make
a society, a government, and individual,
good and just.
• Became a traveling teacher, teaching his
ideas.
• Held several public offices, where he tried
to put his ideas into practice.
• Jealous political enemies got him removed
from his political office.
• He returned to his home in Lu, and died at
age 72.
Confucianism:
• Analects-book of the teachings of
Confucius.
• What Confucius did not talk about:
God(s), life after death
• What Confucius emphasized:
Ethics (right behavior);
How to have a good and just society &
government
CONFUCIAN-Virtues
• Kindness; humaneness. empathy for others (Ren)
• Carrying out old traditions and rituals; using good
manners toward everyone; treating people properly,
taking care of inferiors, showing respect to
superiors. (Li)
• Doing what is right for it’s own sake, not for any
personal gain (Yi)
• Filial piety-Extreme respect for parents (Hisiao)
• Education-learning as much as you can so that you are
in a better position to help others.
5 Relationships
• Society is made up of 5 basic relationships:
ruler
to
subject
father
to
son
older brother to
younger brother
husband
to
wife
friend
to
friend
* Only the last relationship is equal. In the others is a superior and
an inferior.
* Superiors should take care of inferiors, and set a good example.
Inferiors should obey and respect superiors.
• If we do this, society will be stable and just, & people will be
happy. There will be very little need for punishment.
• Filial piety is the extreme respect for parents.
• Allowing Mosquitoes to Feast on His Blood
During the Han Dynasty a boy named Wu Meng (1) was already
serving his parents in exemplary filial piety although he was just
eight years old. The family was so poor that they could not even
afford a gauze net against the mosquitoes. Therefore every night in
the summer swarms of mosquitoes would come and bite them. Wu
Meng let them all feast on his naked stomach. Even though there
were so many, he did not drive them away. He feared that the
mosquitoes, having left him, would instead bite his parents. His
heart was truly filled with love for his parents.
–
The Twenty-Four Examples of Filial Piety were chosen and
compiled by Kuo Chü-ching during the Yuan Dynasty (12801368 CE)
Confucianism-Government &
Education
• Rulers should have virtue and rule mainly
by example. The ruler’s main concern
should be the well-being of the people.
• People should obey the ruler. If the ruler
has virtue, the people will willingly obey
him. The ruler is like the “father” of the
people.
Education
• Men should seek education. Education
can make a morally good man even better.
It can put a man in a position to be of more
help to others.
Confucianism,cont
• Confucianism as taught by Kong is a philosophy, not a
religion.
• Later, however, Confucian temples were established
where Confucius and his followers were worshiped
• Mencius was his most famous follower. He emphasized
* people are good by nature
* A good environment brings out the goodness
in people.
* People will willingly obey good rulers.
If rulers oppress the people, people have the right to
rebel against them.
* Book of the teachings of Confucius-Analects
• Mencius said, “Water, it is true is not inclined to
flow either east or west, but does it not have a
preference for flowing downward? Goodness is
to human nature like flowing downward to water.
There are no people who are not good and no
water that does not flow down . Still water if
splashed can go higher than your head; if
forced, it can be brought up a hill, However, this
isn't the nature of water; it is the specific
circumstances. Although people can be made to
be bad, their basic nature is to be good and
does not change.
Confucianism-about 5 min.
Confucius & Confucianismvideo from drawings
Life of Confucius-animation
It’s History-Confucianism-
10 of Confucius’s Teachings
BBC Documentary Confucianism
Daoism (also
spelled Taoism)
• Founded by Laozi (Laozu, Laotzu). When
he lived is not certain
• Dao (also spelled Tao)-the way of nature,
a force that governs the universe.
• Of all creatures, only humans resist the
Dao. We should instead go with the Dao
Laozu-the “Old Master”, the
“One who left no traces”
• Everything in the universe follows the Dao
except human beings, who willfully resist
the Dao. People should live in harmony
with the Dao.
• This means withdrawing from the world,
living simply, and contemplating nature.
• People should not strive for material
wealth or power, and should shun politics.
This is the principal of “wuwei”-not doing.
• People should be humble, quiet and kind.
Dao de Jing
•
•
1
The tao that can be told
is not the eternal Tao
The name that can be named
is not the eternal Name.
The unnamable is the eternally real.
Naming is the origin
of all particular things.
Free from desire, you realize the mystery.
Caught in desire, you see only the manifestations.
Yet mystery and manifestations
arise from the same source.
This source is called darkness.
Darkness within darkness.
The gateway to all understanding.
Daoism
• Follow the way of nature
• People should be humble, quiet, live simple
lives, contemplate nature.
• Appealed to peasants, artists & poets
• Thought people should not bother with
government. The best government was the one
that did the least.
• Some Daoists studied nature and natural things;
became “alchemists” who mixed natural things
and observed the results. Daoist priests invented
gunpowder (they liked the pretty sparks!)_
Daoism – about 8 min.
LEGALISM
• Founded by Hanfeizi in 300sBC
• Philosophy;
People are basically selfish;
Without rules, people will destroy each
other;
People need strict rules & harsh
punishments.
* Qin Shi Huangdi followed Legalist
philosophy.
BUDDHISM
• Missionaries from India brought Buddhism into China
during the Han dynasty
• Adopted Mahayana Buddhism-Buddha is a savior who
helps people escape the misery of the world and reach
nirvana.
• In China, Buddhism had fit in with Confucianism.
Buddhism took on values of family that went with
Confucianism.
• In China, many people followed Confucianism, Daoism,
and Buddhism all at the same time.
Confucianism – ethical behavior, values of family
Daoism – appreciation for nature
Buddhism – hope for release from suffering & salvation
Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism
“The Vinegar Tasters”
Family life
• Family was the most important unit in society and in the
state.
• Family was more important than the individual.
• Family: father (or grandfather), his wife, his sons and
their wives and children, his unmarried daughters
• Father (or grandfather) ruled the family
• Father (or grandfather) decided: who his children
married, how & what kind of education, sons’ careers
• Children (including adult children) had filial piety
(extreme respect for parents) and accepted the
decisions of the elder family members.
FAMILY, cont.
• Patrilineal – descent traced through father’s line
• Patriarchal- oldest male, father or grandfather,
ruled the family
Family: role of ancestors
• When family members died, they became
ancestors
• Most families kept a genealogy-record of their
family tree.
• Most families had altars with tablets with the
name of their ancestors, where they made
offerings of food and wine,& prayed.
Women in Chinese Family &
Society
• Girls & women were expected to be beautiful,
calm, dignified & obedient.
• When a girl married, she became a member of
her husband’s family, and obeyed him and his
parents, & was almost a servant in her
husband’s family until she had children.
• Once a woman had children, she was respected
and had more power within the household.
• Women were not allowed to own property.
Ban Zhau
• “Lessons for Women”
• She was an historian and a
female Confucian. This
seems like a contradiction
in terms.
• She advised women to be
humble, serve and obey
their husband and his
parents.
Mulan-role of a girl
Lessons for a Woman-Mulan
Mulan-Let’s Get Down to
Business
ECONOMY
• Most families lived in villages & lived by farming.
Farming was difficult and farmers used simple tools.
• A family owned and worked the land together.
• A group of families in a village might cooperate to work
fields, using ox-drawn plows and complex irrigation.
• Taxes were paid in farm produce, and days of labor for
the government on canals, roads & other projects.
• Trade increased when weights, measures & money were
standardized during the Qin dynsaty.
• Trade increased even more during the Han dynasty
when the Silk Road trade was started.
Important Chinese Books
• “Five Classics”:
Book of Poems
Book of History
Book of Changes “I Ching”
Spring and Autumn Annals – more history
Book of Rites-manners & ceremonies
* “Analects” of Confucius
Chinese Science & Inventions
• Astronomy: determined the solar year was
slightly more than 365 days. Observed sunspots;
tracked the movements of the planets
• Paper-150BC-made from plant material
• Magnetic Compass-lodestone aligned N-S
• Seismograph-detects earthquakes
• Acupuncture: Based on Daoist idea of the
movement of life-force energy. Tiny needles
inserted to enable life energy to move properly.
Paper making
Ancient Chinese compass
• A spoonshaped piece
of lodestone
or magnetite
on a bronze
disk.
• Acupuncture
• Seismograph
• Xia-no written records, Huang River, Pangu & Yu
• Shang-first written records, oracle bones, silk,
• Zhou-Mandate of Heaven, Feudalism
– Warring States
• 3 philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
• Qin-Shi Huangdi, intense uniformity, Great Wall, Tomb,
Legalism!
– 15 years
• Han-400 years, Liu Bang
– Confucianism
– Wudi, Leveling, Monopolies, Silk road,
Xia Dynasty – 50 min
Shang Dynasty – 50 min
Zhou Dynasty – 50 min
Qin Dynasty 50 min