Transcript Period 2
Period 2 Classical Period Bellringer Pull out your notebook and get ready to go over chart What is the purpose of religion? Consider spiritual and practical purposes Write on the front of objective 11 REMINDER!! Comparative Essays are DUE NEXT CLASS! Agenda Reviewing homework Concept Mastery chart Activity Objectives Obj. 11: Describe the major beliefs of Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Christianity Classical Religion Concept Mastery Charts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Concept Larger concept. Place concept into a larger category Key words Use key words to identify characteristics: Always present, sometimes, & never Examples and Non examples Write down a definition Bellringer Turn in comparison essay Pull out worksheet from last class Agenda Peer Evaluation Finish activity from last class Notes Objective 11 Judaism Monotheistic Yahweh (Yhwh) Abraham considered “father” of the Jews Hebrews are the chosen people of God & Canaan is the chosen land Messiah will create God’s kingdom on Earth Abraham and Issac by Rembrandt Objective 11 Basic Beliefs of Judaism Death is not the end of human existence Focus on life instead of afterlife Believe dead will be physically resurrected One is saved through commitment to being moral to God. Moses by Rembrandt 10 commandments Objective 13 Social Impact of Judaism Short lived kingdom in the Middle East Jewish Diaspora Heavy emphasis on tradition & culture Language, diet, holidays, etc. Patriarchal community Israel as a united monarchy lasted from 1050930 BCE. Eventually it was divided into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom of Israel would last until 720 BCE. The southern kingdom of Judah would last until 586. The fall of the two kingdoms led to Jewish Diaspora. Objective 12+13 The Diaspora Objective 11 Confucianism Started by Confucius (551479 BCE) during the Warring States Period in China Offers solutions to the problems plaguing China Focus on life rather than the afterlife Does not advocate a specific deity Emphasizes Drawing of Confucius ancestors worship of Objective 11 Basic Beliefs of Confucianism Emphasizes li the “rituals” of everyday life Goal is to promote harmony on Earth through relationships Five Filial Relationships Piety Education Dacheng Temple in Confucius’ hometown of Qufu in China. Objective 13 Social Impact of Confucianism Becomes foundation of Chinese government Reinforced importance of patriarchal relationships Reinforced family as the center of Chinese society Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore are influenced by Confucian ethic Family altar in Malaysian Chinese home. Family is inviting ancestors to partake in the Hungary Ghost festival Objective 11 Daoism (Taoism) Founded by Laozi (6th cent. BCE?) during the Warring States Period Everything revolves around the Dao Goal: Create societal harmony by living according to the natural laws of the universe Wu Wei “without action” Objective 13 Impact of Daoism Encourages respect for nature Heavily influenced Chinese art and literature Landscape paintings Yoga and meditation Hygiene and cleanliness Medicine Balance between Yin (feminine, dark) and Yang (masculine, light) Objective 11 Hinduism Began in India c.1500 BCE One god in many different forms Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Krishna Sacred Texts Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads Shiva, the Destroyer Objective 11 Basic Beliefs of Hinduism Atman Major Ideas Dharma (duty) Karma (action) Samsara (cycle of life) Moksha (liberation) Yogas Paths or practices Several different types Kali, goddess of death and destruction Objective 13 Social Impact of Hinduism Objective 13 Modern Untouchables Modern India has 160 million untouchables or approximately 15% of India’s population. Objective 11 Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE) Born into kshatriya caste Reform movement of Hinduism No specific deity? Rejects the atman Believes in spiritual equality No caste system Objective 11 Basic Beliefs of Buddhism Four Noble Truths Life is suffering Desire causes suffering End suffering by ending desire To end desire follow the Eightfold Path Right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration Buddhist Wheel of Life; the eight spokes represent the Eightfold Path Objective 12 Spread of Buddhism Objective 13 Social Impact of Buddhism Bellringer What are characteristic of classical empires? Agenda Bellringer Notes Project Classical Empire Population Growth Urbanization Afro-Eurasia in 500 BCE Afro-Eurasia in 350 BCE Afro-Eurasia in 200 BCE Afro-Eurasia in 100 CE Objective 19 Persian Empire Objective 19 Persian Empire (558-332 BCE) Founded by Cyrus the Great Darius I (521-486 BCE) Balanced central administration & local governors Divided government into 3 districts ran by satraps Built the Royal Road Fought Persian Wars (500479 BCE) Led to the decline of the Persian Empire Objective 19 Persian Empire Persian Women worked in textile manufacturing Government used slaves to complete public works projects Persian Economy Government coined money Facilitated trade from Greece to India Persian Society Religion Zoroastrianism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q- mkVSasZIM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&s afety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode= 1&safe=active World in 350 BCE Objective 15 Classical China Zhou Dynasty (1029-258) Mandate of Heaven Feudalism Decline Confucianism Daoism Legalism Warring of Zhou Dynasty States Period Kingdom of Qin began expanding during the 3rd century BCE Objective 15 Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE) Used Legalism to restore order Land reforms weakened aristocracy Peasants were given land rights to farm remote territories Centralized bureaucracy Unified China Standardized script, laws, and weights & measures Objective 15 Qin Shi Huangdi Proclaimed himself “First Emperor” of China Centralized Power Disarmed local militaries Built roads & defensive walls Demanded burning of books Used forced labor to complete public works projects Objective 15 Terra Cotta Army Objective 15 Terra Cotta Army Objective 16 Early Han Dynasty (202 BCE-9 CE) Founded by Liu Bang Longest dynasty in Chinese History Conquered northern Vietnam, Korea, and Central Asia Tribute System Monopolized and liquor iron, salt, Objective 16 Han Wudi (Wu Ti) Ruled Supported Legalism Two from 141-87 BCE Goals Centralize government Expand the empire Reforms Expanded bureaucracy Started an imperial university Confucian examination system Expanded the Silk Roads Objective 14 Mauryan Dynasty Founded by Chandragupta Maurya Objective 14 Ashoka (268-232 BCE) Conquered most of India Used elephants in warfare Battle of Kalinga Reforms Pillars of Ashoka Centralized bureaucracy Expanded agriculture Built roads to promote trade Promoted the spread of Buddhism Empire declined after Ashoka’s death Objective 14 Gupta Dynasty (320-565 CE) Founded Gupta Used alliances, tribute & conquest Gupta by Chandra Government Coalition of regional kingdoms Policy & administration left to local rulers Eventually destroyed by the White Huns http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5 uqE3C9w&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&sa fe=active Objective 17 Ancient Greece Geography prevented political unification Culturally unified City-States Cities offered safety and wealth Different political systems Unified Persian Wars Wars when threatened weaken city-states Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) Objective 17 Greek Colonization Objective 17 Alexander the Great (332-323 BCE) Father, Philip II, conquered most of Greece Built a massive empire Conquered Persia & Egypt Threatened India Empire divided into 3 parts after his death Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt Seleucid Empire in Persia Objective 17 Hellenistic Empire Indus Objective 18 Roman Republic (509-44 BCE) Political Consuls Senate (patricians) Tribunes (plebeians) Military expansion Assimilated conquered peoples Twelve System Tables Created a standardized system of laws Established rights for defendants Objective 18 Expansion of Roman Republic Objective 18+20 End of Republic Growing tensions between rich & poor Latifundias Large plantations in conquered lands controlled by aristocrats Julius Dictator for life in 44 BCE Reforms Caesar Sought to relieve tension between the classes Executed by aristocratic conspirators Objective 18 Roman Empire (31 BCE-476 CE) Established Continued military expansion Pax Romana NOT by Augustus a dynasty Succession often depended upon military strength Tolerated local customs & religions Laws & patriotism held empire together The Olmec Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400400 BCE Olmec zone is dense tropical forest http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55 ErfdaeY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety _mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe =active Olmec Government & Society Several city-states with common culture Social Hierarchy Highest rank is that of the chief Dominated by landed aristocracy Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals Olmec Religion Polytheistic Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics Feathered-serpent god (right) Shamans organized religious life Religion led to development of writing system and calendar Olmec Art Building of clay pyramids and temple mounds Particular sculptural style Jaguars Fine jade carving Colossal heads Legacy of Ancient Civilizations Writing systems, religions, and technology was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE Subject to nomadic invasions Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China) Maya (300–900 CE) Heirs to Olmec traditions Culturally unified city-states Never form a unified political system Built elaborate religious and commercial centers Tikal & Chichen-Itza Traded luxury products Advanced math & science Zero, solar year, etc. Chichen-Itza Mayan Architecture Mayan Observatory Mayan Decline Maya city-states were abandoned or destroyed between 800-900 CE Causes for decline include: The disruption of trade after the decline of Teotihuacan in Central Mexico Environmental degradation caused by overpopulation Epidemic disease