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The Jomon period is like a because… The Yayoi Period is like a because… The Kofun/Yamato period is like a because… The Paleolithic period is like a because… 220-589 CE Period of disunion: the time of disorder that followed the collapse of the Han dynasty 581CE › A palace coup brought a new dynasty, called the Sui into power › Founder: Yang Jian (541-604) What was happening in Japan during the time of disunion in China? What was happening in Japan during the Chinese reunification in 581? Also known as Sui Wen Di (The Cultured Sui Emperor), who had been a leader of the Northern Zhou › Went on a mission to unite China and reigned from 581-604 CE. His Capital city was Chang’an Major Accomplishments: Conquered Northern Zhou and Chen dynasties, united China for first time in four centuries Repaired Great Wall › Many died while building the wall › Those who died were often buried among the walls bricks: giving the nickname “The world’s longest cemetery” Canal system linking fertile central region with northern plain Expeditions to check on Turks on Central Asian steppe 577CE › Northern China had already been conquered and reunified › Yang Jian’s vision: a united north and south China China had been divided since the fall of the Han Dynasty Sends troops from the north to capture the capital city in the south (Modern Nanjing) › Ordered to be completely destroyed Chinese Dynasties would continue to rise and fall, but China was now effectively permanently reunified Completed in 611 Manmade waterway linking the Yangzi River in the south to the Yellow River in the north Represented the Sui Dynasty’s economic and cultural unification of the entire Chinese world Success of Sui Dynasty begins to unravel › “Imperial Overstretch” Second Sui Emperor: Yangdi (r. 604-618) › Gains the throne under suspicion of killing his own father › Attempts to continue Sui expansion Sends troops into Southern China (now central Vietnam) Many losses due to tropical diseases Son and successor: lost the money Yang Jiang had built up, lots of revolts, assassinated in 618, causes collapse Known for harsh rule: forced peasants who owed taxes to fight in the army Created a centralized and unified state and laid the foundation for the golden age that followed Look at the artwork below, then pick out 1 piece of artwork from the Japan timeline and compare it to the art created in China during the same time period › How are the artifacts similar? › How are the artifacts different? › Can you see any Chinese influences on the Japanese artifact you have chosen? During the Three Kingdom’s Period, the Chinese learned a lot about Indian and West Asian styles of sculpture, so during the era of the Sui Dynasty, artists combined what they learned from the West Asians and Indians with a traditional Chinese style to create an entirely new form of art. This form of art was used all throughout China, as if to symbolize that the people were all under one ruler again. The Sui Dynasty sculptures were much more lively and active that previous dynasties, and by the time the Tang dynasty came around, these figures were developed even further. 618-907 CE: Golden Age of culture China was the richest most powerful and most populous Empire in the world Conquered Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea as tributary states Rebuilt bureaucracy Civil Service exams: ability not rank Li Yuan reigned from 618-626 when he abdicated in order to let his ambitious son, Taizong, reign Taizong reigned from 627-649. His reign marked the blossoming of the Tang era and he is recognized as one of the greatest leaders in Chinese history. During his rule, Chinese influence was extended to Afghanistan and Turkistan as well as south to Tibet. Taizong was succeeded by Gaozong, who reigned from 649-683. Gaozong brought Korea and Japan into tributary relationship with China. › Empress Wu, his wife, continued this consolidation. Tang Xuansong reigned from 712-756. Under Xuanzong, military commanders began to establish independent authority and central administration declined, as did the empire due to border wars and rebellions. Only dynasty to have a female emperor ruling alone: Empress Wu Chao After her husband died she decided her sons were not capable of ruling Ruled with an iron fist: if anyone threatened her, they risked being killed Chose advisors based on ability not rank Tang Code of Laws (Based on Confucian thought) › Strong Central Government Hand-picked chief officials › Civil Service exam Inspectors sent to provinces to check on activities of local governors Promoted trade (Jade, porcelain, rice, silks, spice, tea, etc. along trade routes) Welcomed new thought and new ideas and technology and new religions such as Zoroastrianism and Christianity After conquering the west, the Tang were able to reopen the silk road › Connected China to central Asia and the middle east From China to west: silk, porcelain, jade, tea, paper, printing, farming methods, weapons From West to China: glass, rugs, horses, silver, medicine, spices, Christianity, Islam Equal Field System- redistributed land to peasants Citizens paid taxes on how much land they received Central Government strengthened: benefited from increased number of taxpayers, limited power of wealthy landowners Benefited commoners and peasants by giving them a chance to gain wealth The Tang Dynasty’s capital city of Chang’an was one of the great cultural centers of the world. Art, poetry, scholarly thought, merchants, and government and religious leaders flourished there During this time, the painter Wu Daozi, and China’s famous poets Wang Wei, Li Bo and Du Fu were active. There were also many Buddhist sculptures carried over from the Sui dynasty. A Tang dynasty poem in calligraphy and Tang dynasty sculptures How does the artwork of the Tang Dynasty compare to that of the Sui Dynasty and to the Yamato Dynasty in Japan? The Sui Dynasty was short-lived but important because it unified China and paved the way for the Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was one of the most glorious periods in Chinese history. Culture flourished, government was well organized, and the country was unified.