Transcript Early China 1800 BC – 150 AD - 8th Grade World History I Overview

WHN - Brainstorm Prompt!
What do you already know about the
settlements of humans near river valleys?
For a few minutes, reflect and record what you
remember on a sheet of paper.
Discuss with peers and add/change your
reflections as needed.
Ancient China
Know
Wonder
Learned
Early China
1800 B.C. – 150 A.D.
“The ancient Chinese, like the Egyptians, established longruling dynasties. The Chinese valued three great
philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.”
World History I
Mrs. Bailey
2012-2013
SECTION 1 VIDEO: CHINA'S FIRST CIVILIZATIONS
• Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s
civilizations.
• Rulers known as the Shang became powerful
because they controlled land and had strong armies.
• Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven
gave them the right to rule.
Insert map from page 225
Geography of China
What is the name of the desert on China’s n. border near Mongolia?
Gobi Desert
What effect did China’s mountains and deserts have on its history?
They limited farmland and separated China from the
outside world.
• Name two rivers important to early Chinese civilizations.
– Huang He or Yellow
– Chang Jiang or Yangtze
Huang He Valley
– center of first Chinese civilization
XIA DYNASTY – Legend?
Small kingdom on Yellow River
c.2000-1600 B.C.
• Ancient Accounts
– Records of the Grand Historian (c. 109-91 B.C.) by Sima Qian
– Bamboo Annals text believed to be buried with the King of Wei
who died in 296 BC and was rediscovered in 281 AD during the Jin
Dynasty.
– Are these accounts accurate?
• Believed to have no written records/oral histories
• 20th Century – Archeologists found Bronze-age architecture remains in “Xia
Kingdom” region
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No Written records – Found markings on pottery and shells
Bronze tools and artifacts
Radiocarbon dating – c. 2,000-1500 B.C.
Debate whether these discoveries are the remains o the Xia Kingdom
Right now – remains unknown
Shang Dynasty – 1750 to 1040 BCE
Powerful - Controlled land, strong armies
• Earliest written Chinese records
• Anyang – China’s first capital
• Walled cities and centralized
government
• Armies had chariots and bronze
weapons
• Aristocrats – nobles who owned
land – power passed thru
generations
• Most people farmed
• Shang Tombs – rich evidence of
culture and ritual practices
Oracle bones
pictographs and ideographs
Important find from Shang tombs
• Questions to gods and ancestors from
Shang kings related to harvests,
childbirth, and military campaigns
• Ancestors acted as intermediary to Di
• Sacrifices included food, other goods,
and humans (war captives and others)
Fu Hao
• Mentioned in oracle bone inscriptions as
the “consort of King Wu Ding and a general
who participated in several military
campaigns. She also presided over
important sacrificial ceremonies and
controlled her own estate.”
• Only royal Shang tomb of a member of the
Shang royal family to have been found
unlooted
• 1250 B.C.
• Royal corpse, utensils and implements
– Below corpse was 6 dogs
– Along the perimeter lay 16 human skeletons
– Lots of other items – see handout
Ancient China Tombs British Museum
Zhou Dynasty – 1122 to 256 BCE
• Shang corrupt – Wu Wang led rebellion
• Mandate of Heaven – talent/virtue to rule with
goodness/wisdom
• Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism
How did the Mandate of Heaven allow for
the overthrow of kings in ancient China?
If a king failed in his duty and the kingdom experienced a disaster or if
the king was dishonest or evil, the king could be replaced.
• What were some important technological changes
during the Zhou dynasty and how did they lead to a
larger population?
– Development of irrigation and flood-control systems
along with the iron plow led to increased crop
production and thus a rising population.
How did ancient Chinese kings maintain control of
their dynasties?
– Kings maintained large armies to conquer land and
protect borders but also appointed warlords to govern
the kingdom’s territories.
Shang Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty
Dates
c.1750 B.C. to 1122 B.C.
c. 1045 B.C. to 221 B.C.
Leadership
kings
kings (Mandate of Heaven)
pictographs and ideographs, silk weaving, irrigation, flood control, iron plows and
Accomplishments
bronze
weapons, trade of silk
ANCIENT CHINA INTERACTIVE MAP
REFLECTIVE WRITING PROMPT:
In Shang and Zhou China, the people
who controlled the land had the power.
Do you believe the same is true today?
Explain in at least 5 sentences and be
ready to discuss your position.
Warlords
a military commander, especially an aggressive regional
commander with individual autonomy
Then and Now
• What are the characteristics of modern warlords?
• How do warlords influence countries?
• What social and economic conditions create warlords
and how can they be prevented or resolved?
• What is conflict resolution?
Section 2:
Life in Ancient China
• Chinese society had
three main social
classes: landowning
aristocrats, farmers,
and merchants.
• Chinese philosophies
grew out of a need for
order in China.
Filial Piety
Reading, Activity, Reflective Writing
• In your own words, what does this mean?
• Does filial piety exist in the same way in our society
today? Why or why not?
• If you believe it has been weakened, why do you
think so?
• Should our society try to strengthen filial piety?
How?
Chinese Farming
Are any of these methods used today?
How ancient Chinese farmers
had it right all along
• Terrace farming
• Irrigation
• Pest control
Section 3: THE QIN AND HAN DYNASTIES
Qin Shi Huangs Army
• Qin Shi Huangdi used harsh methods to unify and
defend China.
• The Han dynasty tested people for government
jobs, and new inventions improved life for all
Chinese.
• The Silk Road carried Chinese goods as far as Greece
and Rome.
• Unrest in China helped Buddhism to spread.
Invention
Effect
waterwheels
millers could grind more grain
iron drill bits
miners could mine more salt
steel
better tools and weapons
paper
recorded documents
disease prevention, use of
herbs, acupuncture
improved medical care
rudder and new moving sails
ships could sail into the wind and travel
great distances
• Longest human-built structure in world - from Yellow Sea, runs approx. 1500 miles
• c. 214 B.C. – to prevent nomadic invader attacks - Qin Shihuangdi, 1st emperor of a
united China, connected defensive walls
• Approx. ½ a million workers, many died during the process, constructed the wall.
• Almost entirely rebuilt during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.)
Great Wall of China Video Clip
Qin Shihuangdi
Qin Shi Huangdi –
“Poker Face”
Why did Qin face little opposition during most of his reign?
He killed or punished anyone who opposed him.
Building the
Great Wall
• People lost freedoms and
rights
• Books were burned
• United China
• Defeated foreign enemies
• Protect the country’s
borders
• Restore order
• Scholarship restricted
• Taxes were high
• Forced labor used to
construct public structures
Terra Cotta Soldiers on the March | Photo Gallery |
Smithsonian.com
Treasures of Ancient China — Photo
Gallery — National Geographic Magazine
Uncovering the Terra Cotta Soldiers | Smithsonian.com
If you were an emperor, what type of statues would you
place in your tomb?
Guard in head armor made of
limestone secured by bronze thread
Hairstyle
Lead Weight
Roof tile
Terra Cotta Warrior Activity
Use the provided clues to identify different types of figures.
Han Dynasty
Developments during the Han dynasty improved life for all Chinese.
Han Dynasty - Slideshow from Metropolitan Museum
Liu Bang
Han Wudi
•Founded Han in 202 B.C.
•“Martial Emperor of Han”
•Peasant, military leader, emperor
•141 to 87 B.C.
•Abolished harsh Qin dynasty policies
•Civil service examinations
•Used censors
•60 Million people
•Divided empire into provinces/counties
•Grew in size and was more secure
due to army
•20 Million people
Han Tomb Items
Han Dynasty - National Geographic
Hot Air Balloon - From an EGG???
Why did people during the Han
Dynasty live the way the did?
• Discuss
– What social groups do you think existed?
• Small Group Activity
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View provided images – Can you tell which social group you are?
Broken into one of the social groups
Read provided handout
Complete graphic organizer
• Large Group Activity
– Present information/record into graphic organizer
– Discuss – Turn in Graphic Organizer EOP
What social class is this painting depicting?
Acupuncture
Chinese principles of yin and yang
– Yin is the passive, dark principle
– Yang is the active, light principle
• A healthy body, both in proper balance
• Balance upset, ch’i (vital force) is
obstructed
• Acupuncture restores flow of ch’i,
restores balance
Insert map from page 246
What were some trade goods produced by China?
silk, cinnamon, ginger, copper, gold
What regions were near or along the route of the Silk Road?
China, Tibet, India, Bactria, Persia, Arabia, Egypt
Cities and Trade Goods
Trading in the Ancient World
• Baghdad – dates, nuts, dyes, lapis lazuli
• Chang’an – silk, chrysanthemums, rhubarb, paper, lacquer,
gunpowder, mirrors, bamboo
• Damascus – almonds, purple dye, dried fruit, swords, glass, cloth
goods
• Delhi – cotton, herbal medicine, precious stones, jade
• Ferghana – horses, rugs, nuts, dried fruit, medicinal herbs
• Kashgar – pack animals, tea, dried fruit, medicinal herbs
• Rome – gold coins, glass and glazes, grapevines, alfalfa
• Turfan (Turpan) – grapes, raisins, wine, cotton, dye for porcelain,
alum, Glauber’s salt
The Silk Road
Increased trade brings benefits to civilization.
Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Positive Effects
• Increased exchange of
– new ideas
– Technology
– products
Negative Effects
• Not all ideas, technology, and
products are positive and
some may even be harmful to
a civilization
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Which dynasty put a single monetary system in place? Qin
Which dynasty do you think contributed the most to Chinese
culture? Why?
- answers will vary
•Which dynasty controlled the most land? Qin
•In what direction did the Qin dynasty expand the most? south
•How do you think the East China Sea affected expansion?
Qin rulers expanded toward the sea, probably to
increase trade opportunities.
Study Central
Ancient China Flashcards
Chapter 7 Quiz
Ancient China Crossword Puzzle
ANCIENT CHINA CRASH COURSE VIDEO LINK
CHINESE DYNASTIES "Vogue" by Madonna