Transcript 1 st Emperor of China

CHINA
China’s Early History
1. China is the world’s
oldest continuous
civilization
2. It has been a settled
society for more than
4,000 years.
3. China began with the
ancient Stone Age
cultures
The Dynasties
1. The 1st Chinese dynasty:
Shang – 1700s B.C.E.
2. The Zhou Dynasty followed
600 years later
3. The Qin – next important
dynasty; it lasted more than
2000 years
4. It united smaller states
under a strong central
government
Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
1st Emperor of China:
259-210 B.C.E.
Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi
Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi
The Dynasties
5. The great emperor
Qin Shi Huangdi built
the Great Wall
6. The Han Dynasty
pushed the empire into
Central Asia
7. 1644 – The Manchu
people of Manchuria
invaded and
established the Qing
Dynasty
The Great Wall – built during the
Qin Dynasty ( China gets its name from Qin)
China Opens Up to the World
1. China’s isolation began to
change in the 13th century
2. Marco Polo traveled from
Venice, Italy to China and
wrote influential books
about his travels
3. In the 19th century,
Europeans wanted access
to Chinese goods
(especially luxury items),
and it’s markets
Travels of Marco Polo
China Opens Up to the World
4. China was forced to sign
treaties giving
Europeans special
trading privileges
5. China was divided up
into spheres of influence:
areas controlled by
Britain, France,
Germany, Russia and
Japan
Negative European Views
of the Chinese
China Opens Up to the World
6. Chinese anger at
European dominance of
their county burst forth
in the Boxer Rebellion of
1900
7. Chinese militants killed
Europeans and Chinese
Christians
8. The Boxers were
ultimately defeated by
the British
Boxer Rebellion - 1900
Boxer Rebellion - 1900
Revolution!
1. The Qing Dynasty tried
to reform the government
but it was too late
2. 1912 – Sun Yat-sen and
his followers founded the
Nationalist Party
3. Civil war within China
between the Nationalists
and warlords undermined
Sun Yat-sen’s republic
and his party’s power in
China
Pu-Yi – The Last Emperor of China
Revolution!
4. 1925 – Sun Yat-sen died and
Chiang Kai-shek took over
the Nationalist Party
5. The Nationalists fought the
warlords and united most of
China in 1920s
6. The Chinese Communist
Party became stronger
during the chaos of China’s
civil war
Revolution!
7. The Nationalists and the
Communists fought for
control of China for years
8. 1949 – Communists, led by
Mao Zedong, defeated the
Nationalists
9. The Nationalists retreated
to Taiwan under Chiang
Kai-shek’s leadership
10. The Communists ruled
from the city of Beijing
Revolution!
11. The island of Taiwan
became known as the
Republic of China and it is
still claimed as part of
mainland China by the
P.R.C.
12. Mainland China became
known as The People’s
Republic of China
13. 1976 – Mao, the founder of
Communist China, died
and Deng Xiaoping became
China’s most powerful
leader
Communist Propaganda
Communist Propaganda
Economics in China
1. The Communist Party
promised to modernize
China by industrializing
it following the Stalinist
model
2. From 1950s to 1970s they
tried to do this by
planning all economic
activities
3. As with the Soviet
Union, it was mostly a
failure
CHINA
PART II
Legacy of Communism
1. China’s failed programs have
included:
- The Great Leap Forward
(into Communism)
- The Cultural Revolution
- Four Modernizations
2. China was also key to the
spread of Communism to
North Korea, Vietnam, Laos,
and Cambodia
Burning Buddha during the
Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976
Torture of Intellectuals,
1966-1976
Cultural Revolution Propaganda
Cultural Revolution Propaganda
Cultural Revolution Propaganda
“The Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the
Great School of Mao Zedong Thought, 1969”
Economics in China
1. Since the 1980s, China has
become more and more like
a capitalist country
2. Economic decisions are
based on what consumers
want, as in a market
economy
3. China is now one of the
fastest growing economies
in the world
Rural Economics
1. About 60% of China’s
workers still work on farms
2. China’s river valleys
provide rich soil for rice
and other crops
3. Much of western China is
mountains and deserts,
unsuitable for agriculture
4. Still, China is self-sufficient
in agriculture and it is able
to feed it’s enormous
population
Rural Economics
5. Only about 13% of China’s
land can be farmed
6. Eastern river basins
produce rice, maize, wheat,
etc.
7. Southern China has a long
growing season that is ideal
for growing multiple crops
in one year
Chinese Diet - 1997
“Mobilize the Party and Agriculture in the
Struggle to Promote Dazhai County, 1975”
Industrial Economics
1. Northeast China is the
industrial heartland
2. It has coal, iron ore, and
oil
3. It also has better
transportation and
industrial infrastructure
4. Shanghai leads China as a
manufacturing center; it is
also a world industrial
center
Chinese Entrepreneurs
Chinese Clothing Factory
Industrial Economics
5. Beijing & Tianjin are
also very industrial
6. China produces steel,
machinery and other
heavy industrial goods
7. In addition, consumer
goods such as textiles
and countless products
for the home are
exported
China’s Rich Culture
1. China has highly developed
art, architecture, literature,
painting, sculpture, music
and theater
2. It’s rich culture has greatly
influenced the cultures of
Korea, Japan, Vietnam and
other nearby countries
Bronze Horse from the Han Dynasty
Chinese Opera
China’s Rich Culture
3. China introduced paper,
printing, gunpowder, the
compass, porcelain, silk and
other innovations to the world
4. The earliest works of art –
pottery, bronze and jade
objects - have been found in
burial sites
Art of
China
China’s Rich Culture
5. China has three major religions,
or ethical traditions including:
6. Confucianism – based on the
ideas of Chinese philosopher
Confucius (551-479 B.C.)
7. He stressed education and
obedience to authority: child
obeys parents, etc. His teachings
have had enormous influence
throughout East and Southeast
Asia
China’s Rich Culture
8. Taoism – based on the
teachings of Lao-tzu
(700s B.C.)
9. He stressed preserving &
restoring harmony in the
individual & the universe
10. He also felt the government
should leave people alone to
live their lives in peace
China’s Rich Culture
11. Buddhism – came to
China via India through
the life and teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama
12. By the 300s C.E., It was
an important religion in
China
13. Confucianism and Taoism
influenced Buddhism in
China
14. It spread from China to
Korea, Japan and other
countries
Chinese Taoist Temple
Chinese Buddhist Temple
Chinese Confucius Temple