Transcript China
CHINA PRE-TEST (12/5 & 12/8) 1. What comes to mind when you think of China? 2. Where is China? (Continent + major natural boundaries) 3. About what percentage of the land in China is suitable for farming? 4. Why was the Great Wall of China built? 5. Name two ancient Chinese inventions still in use today. PRE-TEST (12/5 & 12/8) What is a dynasty? A. A small, crude explosive device invented in China circa 1100 BCE B. A succession of rulers from the same family or line C. A large cafeteria or dinning hall in the center of a Chinese village D. A particularly gruesome or nasty way to die What is a “Mandate of Heaven”? A. The belief that everyone must go to heaven B. When two or more men enjoy a day of beer and sports without their wives C. The belief that rulers are divinely selected D. The set of Chinese rules that determine whether or not one can enter heaven What was the principle river of the civilization of ancient China? A. Huang He River B. Xi Jiang River C. Tsingtao River D. Monongahela River BELL RINGER # 26 12/9 What do each of the five themes of geography mean? (Remember the lyrics to the song) Which theme was the easiest one to find on Ancient China? Which theme was the most difficult one to find on Ancient China? MR LIP GROUP ACTIVITY I’ll place you in groups and assign one of the themes of geography to your group Write it on the top of your chart paper, then define it Then write as much information as you can about your theme as it pertains to China (ex: silk road, canals, printing, standardized Chinese are all examples of Movement) Illustrate it and make it look good! When you are finished go to http://www.ancientchina.co.uk/menu.html and play through each section BELL RINGER 12/11 & 12/12) Describe the steps or stages of the Dynastic Cycle of China What role did the Mandate of Heaven play into the dynastic cycle? VOCABULARY LIST THREE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mandate of Heaven- The belief that rulers are divinely selected Dynasty- A succession of rulers from the same family or line Feudalism- A social system in which the ruler gives lands to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service Bureaucrat- Government official that is concrned primarily with following rules Philosophy-The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Confucianism-An ethical and moral code rather than a religion, focused on perfecting society Filial Piety-Fulfilling one’s responsibility to their parents or ancestors; an idea central to Confucianism Daoism (Taoism)-A religion that stresses effortless action, nonviolence, and acting within one’s nature Silk Road-An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 4,000 mi, linking China with the Roman Empire Tribute-A gift payment to a ruler as a sign of respect DYNASTIC CYCLE COMIC STRIP Create a comic strip that is at least six panels that accurately shows the steps of the Chinese Dynastic Cycle. Sketch out a rough draft on lined paper Once approved, I will give you a sheet of printer paper Use a your notes, ruler, colored pencils or markers to complete your comic BELL RINGER #28 12/15 & 12/16 Take out your vocab list three flashcards, Dynastic Cycle comic strip, and macbook. Go to this website in SAFARI browser: http://jmcentarfer.tripod.com/textbook.htm Open up Chapter 4, Section 4 “The Unification of China” and save it to your reading list. HOMEWORK is handwritten notes on this section and answers to questions 1, 6, 9 Review your vocab words as I check your homework and comic strips. BELL RINGER # 29 12/17 & 12/18 Take out your homework for me to check Who was Confucius? What dynasty was in power when he was born? What was his ethical/moral code called? What is filial piety, and how is it related to Confucius? BELL RINGER 1/6 & 1/7 Do you think language changes over time or mostly stays the same? What did the languages of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt have in common? What made them different? We have talked a lot about culture previously, what are some things that make a culture unique? HOMEWORK 1/6 & 1/8 Please download the Tao te Ching: http://www.with.org/tao_te_ching_en.pdf • Save a copy to your Macbook or add it to your reading list. • Choose five chapters from the first five pages to read and summarize. (Put it in your own words. What problems or observations does the author write about? What are his solutions or ideas?) • Then, compare it to what you know about Confucianism. Tell me if you think Confucius would see the same things as problems and what his solutions would be. BELL RINGER 1/8 & 1/9 Take out your homework for me to check What were some things that the Tao te Ching focused on? Based on what you have read, what were some of the tenants or main beliefs of Taoism? Use details and evidence from the text! BELL RINGER 1/13 & 1/14 What do we know about Buddhism? What do we know about Confucianism? What do we know about Daoism? In what ways are they all similar? In what ways are they all different? GEOGRAPHY Located in Asia Mountains and deserts cover about 2/3 of China’s landmass 10% of land is suitable for farming Natural boundaries: Pacific Ocean, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, Himalayan Mountains, Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert WESTERN VS. EASTERN CHINA Mostly desert Arid climate Thinly populated Rich in petroleum and natural gas The land between the Chang Jiang or Yangtze River and Huang He or Yellow River is called the North China Plain AKA “China’s Heartland” Densely populated YELLOW RIVER VALLEY The Huang He River (Yellow River) “Cradle of Chinese Civilization” “China’s Sorrow” Loess (a windblown sediment) is deposited into the river, causing the yellow color and high silt content 6th (or 7th, depending on how you measure) longest river in the world COLORING OF THE YELLOW RIVER XIAOLANGDI DAM DYNASTIC CYCLE China has been historically led by dynasties, or a succession of rulers from the same family Cycle (see graphic) Power is claimed to come from a divine source: Mandate of Heaven Centralized CHINESE DYNASTY SONG TUNE ---- FRÈRE JACQUES / ARE YOU SLEEPING ) Shang Zhou (“Joe”) Qin (“chin”) Han (Repeat) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJis9TSw1rE Harvard Professors teach us a nursery rhyme Sui (“sway” without “w”) Tang Song (Repeat) Yuan Ming Qing (“ching”) Republic (Repeat) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIC4zom3w0g Vogue-History Teachers Mao Zedong ---------People’s Republic of China / Communist China (Repeat) XIA DYNASTY “First” Dynasty of China c. 3000 BCE - c. 2000s BCE The Xia dynasty was the first to irrigate, produce cast bronze and a strong army. King Yu was selected as leader because of his brilliant engineering & mathematics skills, first to tame Huang He King Yu was the first king to have his son follow him instead of a man chosen by his virtue. This made the Xia the first Chinese dynasty. SHANG DYNASTY c.1600 BCE - 1027 BCE First written record of dynasty Earliest glazed pottery, advanced bronze work and jade carving 365 1/4 days calendar year First appearance of Chinese script Oracle bones Difficult to learn, but could communicate better than spoken word questions etched on bone, then stabbed with a hot poker Archaeologist have found palace foundations, burials, and rammed earth fortifications. Capital city at Anyang- Wooden framed, clay walls, earthen walls Patriarchal, polytheistic (Shand Di), nobles vs. peasants, family relationships key ZHOU DYNASTY 1027 BCE – 256 BCE Overthrows Shang in 1027 BCE claiming last Shang ruler lost the Mandate of Heaven Kept many Shang cultural practices Establish feudalism Period of Warring States 476 BCE – (221 BCE when Qin Dynasty emerges) Moved capital to Luoyang King/Emperor owns land>Grants nobles use of land>nobles owe loyalty and military service>peasants on land serve nobles Over time as villages>towns>cities, land holding nobles grow stronger Zhou introduce coin money, blast furnace iron, and build roads and canals= +trade QIN DYNASTY 221 BCE to 207 BCE Qin Shi Huang declares himself “First Sovereign Emperor” Military conquest and unification of warring states Took land from nobles, assigned jobs, burned books Legalism People are bad, law is necessary Rule of Law Spy networks Public works Bureaucracy Standardized weights, measures, money, writing Great Wall of China Terracotta army He dies, son murdered, incompetent ruler, peasant revolt HAN DYNASTY 206 BCE – 220 CE Liu Bang Peasant birth, led rebellion Merit system promotion Confucianism Silk Road “Han” becomes a name for someone who is Chinese Replace what was destroyed under Qin Arts flourish “PERIOD OF DISUNITY” 220 CE – 589 CE After Han, warfare and instability rule China China breaks up into smaller kingdoms AKA the “Six Dynasties” Despite political troubles, arts again flourish in China Poetry Buddhism SUI DYNASTY 581 CE – 618 CE Grand Canal Over 1100 miles long Military campaigns 605 CE first gov’t exams TANG DYNASTY 618 CE – 907 CE Empress Wu Zetian (r. 690-705 CE) Concubine of Tang Emperor, marries his son after his death Only empress of China to rule in her own right “Golden Age” Poetry, painting, music, dancing Capital Chang'an, est. pop. 1,000,000 SONG DYNASTY 960 CE – 1279 CE Technological highlights Gunpowder Compass Paper money Government exams for bureaucrats Population growth YUAN DYNASTY 1271-1368 C.E. Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Kahn) conquers to Song Dynasty, becomes 1st non-Chinese emperor of China Refused to adopt Chinese customs, barred Chinese from higher offices= resentment Repairs Grand Canal, postal service, standard paper currency, allows foreign visitors= cultural diffusion (Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, new trade goods) Power declines (Not Mongol enough, not Chinese enough, natural disasters, rebellion) MING DYNASTY 1368-1644 C.E. Strict yet stable government Arts and cultural revival (many famous Chinese artworks come from this dynasty) Economy tanks, earthquakes, famine, foreign invasion SILK ROAD Ancient trade route linking China to the Mediterranean Evidence of Chinese silk in Egypt c. 1070 BCE Han Dynasty, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Mongols aid development Transport silk, trade goods, ideas, and disease Crash course in World History: http://www.youtu be.com/watch?v =vfe-eNqQyg&safe=active DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE WRITING Chinese writing, much like other forms of writing has changed over time Earliest forms of writing were pictographs or ideograms (pictures or symbols to represent words/ideas) What are the drawbacks of this? Writing develops in China during Shang Dynasty (Oracle bones) Modern Chinese characters are written vertically, left to right One must know 3-4 thousand characters to be literate Over 100,000 characters exist CHINESE PAINTING Paintings: On silk originally, then later on paper or scrolls Two main painting techniques: Gong-bi “meticulous” and uses highly detailed brushstrokes (similar to calligraphy) Ink and Wash Paintings- loose watercolor-type paintings http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_art#mediaviewer/File:Ни_Цзань.Дерево,_ бамбук_и_изящный_камень._Гугун,_Пекин..jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_art#mediaviewer/File:Chinese,_‘Pink_and _White_Lotus’,_14th_century_China,_Yuan_dynasty_(1279– 1368),_Hanging_scroll;_mineral_pigments_on_silk,_Kimbell_Art_Museum.jpg From the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song period (907-1127) is known as the “Great age of Chinese landscape” Chinese painting involves essentially the same techniques as Chinese calligraphy does GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES North South Towering mountains, strong black lines, ink wash, sharp dotted brushstrokes to show rough rocks Rolling hills, rivers, peaceful countryside, softer brushstrokes The Four Gentlemen The Four Gentlemen, also called the Four Noble Ones, in Chinese art refers to four plants: the orchid, the bamboo, the chrysanthemum, and the plum blossom. The term compares the four plants to Confucianist junzi, or "gentlemen". FIVE PRINCIPLES OF CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY Posture: It is important to sit up straight. Knowledge of the tools: You must understand how the materials used to create your brush affects the outcomes, which brushes are best for the job, etc. Control: You must know how to control the brush. Rhythm: The characters should flow smoothly down the page. Balance: Make sure all the lines are the right thickness and length. EXAMPLES AND INTRODUCTION See video: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/views/hhView.cfm?guidAssetId=ce8e44e330b2-42b2-98ef-6728a95861cb&play=true&preview=true&skin=&small=true Background music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7apji-hg5j4 TODAY’S EXERCISE Using the paint brush provided and Google Translate, create a school appropriate document in Chinese You should exemplify all five principles of Chinese Calligraphy as you work Remember: Chinese characters are written vertically, left to right Your product must be at least two columns an include an English translation Remember: some proper nouns may not exist (i.e. first names, last names, brand names, place names) When you are finished, grab a copy of the Tao te Ching CONFUCIANISM K’ung-fu-tzu or Confucius (551 BCE – 479 BCE) Born into a poor family of higher class Well educated, becomes teacher and bureaucrat Stresses family relationships, ancestor worship, harmony & balance, respect for others, avoiding extremes and perfecting society 5 relationships: ruler/subject, father/son, husband/wife, brother/brother, friend/friend Ethics/Morals rather than religion Reinforces individual roles in society; everyone had their place (positive and negative) The Analects are a collection of his teachings PRIMARY SOURCE: THE ANALECTS Find a partner that will help you be successful (this is a long and difficult passage, you will need to stay on task) Read through The Analects and define these words by using context clues and inferences Li Ren Junzi Answer these questions after reading the passage: 1) 2) 3) Which does Confucius consider to be most important? Weapons, food, or faith in the ruler? Why? What is the main idea of the passages 12.11-12.16? What evidence or examples back up your answer? Based on the excerpt you have just read, what are the things that people who practice Confucianism belief in or value? DAOISM (TAOISM) Laozi (Lao Tzu) circa 500 BCE (sometime during the Zhou Dynasty) Tao Te Ching principle text “The Way” or “The Path” Wu wei or non-action/non-doing without effort Emptiness Think of a container! Desires are bad Think water! Good vs. bad, ugly vs. beautiful; distinctions lead to desires Using force disrupts harmony Con. (2) 1 1 Bud. (2) 2 Dao. (2) 1 Discovery Education- China: From Past to Present: Geography, Traditional Religions, and Beliefs (Film Resource) CURRENT EVENTS: YELLOW RIVER http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/05/ china/yellow-river/larmer-text/1#\ CURRENT EVENTS: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. Please answer the following questions based of the information from Brook Lamar’s article “Bitter Water: Can China the Yellow-China’s Mother River?” Five “W”’s & 1 “H”: Who, What, Where, When, Why, How? What did you find to be the most interesting facts or events in this article? What, if anything, surprised you? What is the significance? Why should we care? How can this affect the future? How does this relate to your life? CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY Chinese characters, like all other languages changed over time Five Principles of calligraphy Balance, Control Posture, Knowledge of Tools, Rhythm, and http://file.tumbnart.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/11/chinese%20symbol %20tattoos%20art.jpg BELL RINGER Please evaluate the following primary source document: “Words of truth are not pleasing. Pleasing words are not truthful. The wise one does not argue. He who argues is not wise. A wise man of Tao knows the subtle truth, And may not be learned. A learned person is knowledgeable but may not know the subtle truth of Tao A saint does not possess and accumulate surplus for personal desire. The more he helps others, the richer his life becomes. The more he gives to others, the more he gets in return. The Tao of Nature benefits and does not harm. The Way of a saint is to act naturally without contention.” Who is the probable author of this text? What philosophy does this best fit with, Buddhism, Confucianism, or Daoism? Why? What does this mean to you? BELL RINGER Please evaluate the following primary source document: "The superior man in everything considers righteousness to be essential. He performs it according to the rules of propriety. He brings it forth in humility. He completes it with sincerity. This is indeed a superior man. The superior man is distressed by his want of ability. He is not distressed by men's not knowing him. The superior man dislikes the thought of his name not being mentioned after his death. What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others. The superior man is dignified, but does not wrangle. He is sociable, but not a partisan. The superior man does not promote a man simply on account of his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man.“ Who is the probable author of this text? What philosophy does this best fit with, Buddhism, Confucianism, or Daoism? Why? What does this mean to you? PDF RESOURCES Analects full text: http://www.indiana.edu/~p374/Analects_of_Con fucius_(Eno-2012).pdf Tao Te Ching full text: http://www.with.org/tao_te_ching_en.pdf ENGINEERING AN EMPIRE: CHINA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9evCYVir5k &safe=active STUDY GUIDE Dynasty Mandate of Heaven Feudalism Bureaucrat Philosophy Confucianism Filial (or Filial Piety) Taoism (Daoism) Silk Road Tribute Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty China Geography Where does the majority of the population of China live? Why? Percentage of land in China suitable for farming Great Wall of China Ancient Chinese inventions Dynastic Cycle Huang He River (Yellow River) and its nicknames