Transcript Introduction of Xi`an Ancient Wall

Unit 3
Ancient Defensive Projects
Ancient Defensive Projects
I Appreciation
Ⅱ Snapshot
Ⅲ China's Attractions
Ⅳ Guangdong Aattractions
Ⅴ Simulation & Interactive Activity
VI Assessment
I Appreciation
Task A: Listening & Speaking（the Great Wall ）
http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn
or refer to the Ancient defensive project Resource Pack）
1.Please introduce what you have seen from video in English as
a tour guide.
2.What information and expression do you think are needed
when you introduce the defensive project in ancient China? You
can present your questions in Chinese and English
3.What is the length of the Great Wall?
4.Can you imagine the difficulties that those who built the
Great Wall had confronted?
5.What is the effect of the Great Wall in terms of the
development of China?
Task B Reading: Introduction of Xi’an
Ancient Wall
Have a basic information of xi’an
ancient wall, and try to understand
the commentary in the video after
appreciation, please tell about a
general idea of your understanding.
Introduction of Xi’an Ancient Wall
When Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
(1368-1644), captured Huizhou, a hermit named Zhu Sheng
admonished him that he should 'built high walls, store abundant food
supplies and take time to be an Emperor,' so that he could fortify the
city and unify the other states. After the establishment of the Ming
dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang followed his advice and began to enlarge the
wall built initially during the old Tang dynasty (618 -907), creating the
modern Xian City Wall. It's the most complete city wall that has
survived in China, as well being one of the largest ancient military
defensive systems in the world.
After the extension, the wall now stands 12 meters (40 feet) tall, 1214 meters (40-46 feet) wide at the top and 15-18 meters (50-60 feet)
thick at the bottom. It covers 13.7 kilometers (8.5 miles) in length
with a deep moat surrounding it. Every 120 meters, there is a rampart
which extends out from the main wall. All together, there are 98
ramparts on the wall, which were built to defend against the enemy
climbing up the wall. Each rampart has a sentry building, in which the
soldiers could protect the entire wall without exposing themselves to
the enemy.
Introduction of Xi’an Ancient Wall
Besides, the distance between every two ramparts is just within the
range of an arrow shot from either side, so that they could shoot the
enemy, who wanted to attack the city, from the side. On the outer side
of the city wall, there are 5948 crenellations, namely battlements. The
soldiers can outlook and shoot at the enemy. On the inner side, parapets
were built to protect the soldiers from falling off.
Since the ancient weapons did not have the power to break through a
wall and the only way for an enemy to enter the city was by attacking
the gate of the city wall. This is why complicated gate structures were
built within the wall. In Xian, the city wall includes four gates and they
are respectively named as Changle (meaning eternal joy) in the east,
Anding (harmony peace) in the west, Yongning (eternal peace) in the
south and Anyuan (forever harmony) in the north. The south gate,
Yongning, is the most beautifully decorated one. It is very near to the
Bell Tower, center of the city. Important greeting ceremonies
organized by the Provincial Government are usually held in the south
gate square.
Introduction of Xi’an Ancient Wall
Each city gate has three gate towers: Zhenglou, Jianlou and Zhalou. The
most outside is Zhalou, which stands away from the City Wall and is opposite to
Zhenglou. It was used to raise and lower the suspension bridge. Jianlou with small
windows in the front and flanks was used as a defensive outpost. Zhenglou, in the
inner, is the main entrance to the city. The wall connects Jianlou and Zhenglou
Towers. The area between them within the wall was called 'Wong Cheng', in
which the soldiers stationed. From Wong Cheng, there are sloped horse passages
leading to the top of the city wall.
Initially, the wall was built with layers of dirt, with the base layer including
also lime and glutinous rice extract. Throughout the time Xian City Wall has been
restored three times. In 1568, Zhang Zhi (the government officer of that period)
was in charge to rebuild the wall with bricks. In 1781, another officer, Bi Yuan,
refitted the city wall and the gate towers. More recently (since 1983) the
Shaanxi Provincial Government restored the city wall again. A circular park has
been built along the high wall and the deep moat. The thriving trees and flowers
decorate the classical Chinese architecture of the wall, adding additional beauty
to the city of Xian.
A nice suggestion for tourists: Try biking on the City Wall, you will have an
enjoyable and interesting experience.
II Snapshot
Task A:
Chinese Legends about The Great Wall
http://chineseculture.abo
ut.com/
1. What are the five
major kinds of theme
park?
2. What is the main
feature of theme park?
3. What are the
characteristics of theme
park?
Chinese Legends about The Great Wall
Among all legends and stories about the Great Wall, the most well-known one
is probably of a girl called Meng Jiang Nü. Through various dynasties, the
story has been modified and developed into many different versions. The most
popular one goes as follows: It was
Qinhere
Dynasty (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.).
Textin in
Having escaped from the heavy labour work at the Great Wall construction site,
a young man called Fan Qi Liang hid in a private garden where he ran into Meng
Jiang Nü, the daughter of the garden owner. They married but right after the
wedding, Fan Qi Liang was taken away to build the Great Wall again. Meng
Jiang Nü waited at home. Winter came but Fan Qi Liang did not return. Meng
Jiang Nü made him some warm clothes and decided to take them to her
husband. She got to the construction site but Fan Qi Liang was nowhere to be
found. She was then told that Fan Qi Liang had died and his body was built
into the Great Wall. Meng Jiang Nü cried night and day. Her sorrow was so
deep that the Great Wall broke down and exposed the bones and bodies of
many dead men. Meng Jiang Nü cut her fingers and dripped her blood on the
dead until her blood flowed into one. Knowing that this was her husband, she
buried him and then jumped into water and killed herself. This is a very widespread legend about the Great Wall and was even made into movies three times.
If you ever get a chance to visit Shan Hai Guan, the eastern end of the Ming
Great Wall - actually, the Ming Great Wall used to extend further east and
northward, - you can pay a visit to the temple dedicated to Meng Jiang Nü.
Chinese Legends about The Great Wall
Though just a legend, the story of Meng Jiang Nü did tell one
truth: Many people have given their lives building the Great
Wall, and many more defending the Wall. With a history of
over 2,000 years, the Great Wall witnessed the changes of
time, the lives of people, the happening of events, and the
stories of many individuals. So much laughter, so many tears,
the Great Wall all endured with silence.
Task B
Supplementary reading
Supplementary reading : Chinese ancient poems and
idioms related to defensive projects
Poem 1:
OVER THE BORDER
--- Wang Changling
The moon goes back to the time of Qin,
the wall to the time of Han;
And the road our troops are travelling goes back
three hundred miles;
Oh, for the Winged General at the Dragon City;
That never a Tartar horseman might cross the Yin Mountains!
Poem 2:
Sending off a Friend,
who Has Benn Appointed Envoy to the West Lands
Wang Wei
The early morning shower in Weicheng has kept down dust.
The guesthouse looks trim and the willows fresh and green
I would urge you to have one more for the road.
Out west, beyond Fort Yangguan, you have no one to turn to.
Notes:
1.The West Lands: Refers to territories straddling China’s far North,
West and Northwest where a number of ethnic peoples lived.
2.Weicheng: Called Xiangyang in Qin Dynasty.
3.Fort Yangguan: A fortified town to the southwest of Dunhuang,
Gansu Province.
Poem 3:
Liangzhou Song Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River goes all the way up to the sky.
A lone fort sits amid numerous mountain tops.
The Qiang flute need not envy the willow trees.
The spring breeze never sweeps beyond Gate Yumen.
Notes:
1.Liangzhou: A set music piece for words to be filled in
to become a song or poem to be sung or read, originating in Liangzhou.
2.A lone fort: Refers to Liangzhou Town.
3.The Qiang flute: Musical instrument introduced into the central
lands from the Qiang people-a minority group.
4.Fort Yumen: An important outpost situated to the west of Dunhuang,
Gansu province
Idioms :
He who hasn’t been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
Empty since the Great Wall Frontier Xu,
the mirror has to spot bad sideburns. – Lu You
You go you perfectly normal paths, I had my wooden bridge.
Ⅲ China's attractions
Task A: Reading
Defensive Projects in Profile(1)
When we mention ancient defensive projects, city walls, moats,
fortresses, strongholds and castles naturally come to mind.
Among the ancient defensive projects, city walls hold the most
important position and play an essential role.
Defensive Projects in Profile(2)
Walls are often seen in china surrounding palace and temple
complexes and traditional houses. The open design of individual
structures—the wide doors, windows and lattice work walls,⑴ the
many walkways and pavilions, which gave the buildings an
altogether generous appearance, also made a sturdy wall to the
outside necessary in order to form a closed unit. The building
materials were either packed loess or mud, though in the Ming and
Qing dynasties, bricks were preferred. Solid, high walls were build
around cities. The most famous of all walls is the Great wall. The
gates of the Great Wall and the city walls usually consisted of two
parts: the actual gateway and a multi-storied superstructure.
Gate constructions designs as defensive complexes were built of
stones and bricks. The towers which were not necessary for
defense were made of wood.
Task B Situational Communication
Dialogue 1. Legend of the Great Wall
(Z: Mr. Zhang G: Guide)
Z：The Great Wall is reputed as one of the seven construction wonders in the
world not only for its long history, but also its unique architectural style as well.
G: I think so.
Z：Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place
following along the contruction.
G:Something interesting for me?
Z：No problem. Since that time these stories have spread around the country.
Those that happened during construction are abundant, suve Meng Jiangnu’s
story.
G:Could you describe them in deatil?
Z：Meng Jiangnu’s story is famous and widely spread. It tells of how Meng
Jiangnu’s bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse.
G:I see. It must be about her husband and her.
Z：You said it. Meng Jiangnu’s husband, Fang Qiliang, was caught by federal
officials and sent to build the Great Wall.
Dialogue 1. Legend of the Great Wall
(A: tourist
B: guide)
G:Did they meet each other?
Z：Never. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she
set out to look for him.
G:I guess she must have suffered a lot.
Z：That’s true.
G:After that?
Z：Unfortunately, by the time she reached the Great Wall, she discovered
that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her
heart out, which caused the collapse of a part of
the Great Wall .
G:What a beautiful and sad love story!
Z：It has been handing down for generations. I heard it even in my
childhood.
G:I’m so deeply touched.
Z：In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories
were created and spread.
G:Really, I can’t help waiting some more.
Z：Of course, it’s my pleasure
Dialogue 2. Simple History of the Great Wall
(Z: Guide( Mr. Zhang) C: Celia)
C: I’m a college student majoring in Chinese history, and interested in the
history of the Great Wall, would you please say spmething about it?
Z:My pleasure.
C:I was told that the Great Wall was once used to be a defensive work.
Z:You said it. It is popularly believe thaht the Great Wall orginated as a
nilitary fortification against insrusion by tribes on the borders during the
earlier Zhou Dynasty.
C:Vow, it has such a long history.
Z:Yeah. It was not until Qin Dynasty that the sperate walls were connected
to fprm a defensive system by Emperor Qin Shi Huang.
C: “Qin Shi Huang”?
Z:The dirst emperor in China. After the wmperor unfied the country in 221
BC, he ordered the construction of the wall.
C:Then, how many years to finish the wall?
Z:It took about ten years to finish the wall.
C:What was it used for?
Z:The wall is not only served as a defense in the north but also symbolized
the power of the emperor
Dialogue 2. Simple History of the Great Wall
(Z: Guide( Mr. Zhang) C: Celia)
G:Did they meet each other?
C:A power ruler, don’t you think so?
Z:I agree with you. He was a disputable emperor in Chinese history.
C:When and why exactly was the wall constructed?
Z:From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient trible that livd in
North China, frequently harassed the nothern border of the country.
C:How about the dynasities suhsequent?
Z:During the Han Dynasty, to maintain the safety of the Hexi
Corridor(today’s Gansu Province), the emperor ordered the etension of the
Great Wall weatward into the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang region. The ruins
of the beason towers and debris of the Han Wall are still discernible.
C:What is the last massive rebuilding of the Great Wall?
Z:Furtger construction and extension were made in the successive Norhern
Wei, Northern Qi and Sui dynasty.
C:I’m so confused.
Z:The present Great Wall in Beijng is mainly from the Ming Dynasty(13681644). The Ming Wall starts from Yalujiang River( in today’s Heilongjiang
province), to Gansu. The total length reaches 12,700 li( over 5,000
kilometers).
C:Marvellous!
Task C Practice
I. Translating the following part into Chinese The
Great Wall, also known as Ten-Thousand-Li Wall, is
considered the No.1 defense project in the world as well
as in ancient China in terms of the long duratrion of its
construction and large scale and scope. According to US
astronaut Armstrong who was the first man to set foot
on the Moon, the Great Wall of China is one of the two
most conspicuous man-made objects on earth spotted by
human eyes in space. Its magnificence credits it one of
the seven womders in the middle ages with Colossal in
Rome, Leaning Tower of Pisa, etc. many of its section and
gateways have successively been designated by the State
Council as mahor presevation units of cultural relics of
national importance since 1961. In 1987,it was registered
in the UNESCO’s World Heritage
II. Simulated practice as a tour guide（audio 1 ---Nanjing Ancient City Wall）
Part One directions : Listen to the passage and then
answer the following questions.
1.Who designed the Nanjing city wall? And when or in
what conditions was it founded?
2.What’s the length of the ancient Nanjing city wall?
3.What’s the differences from the ancient city wall in
Beijing and Nanjing?
4.Why had the Nanjing ancient wall stood for such a
long time?
5.What’s the treasure gate?
6.The value of the Nanjing ancient city wall
7.Description of the bricks with Chinese character.. .
Part Two Combinating the questions above mentioned ,
listen again and give an introduction of the Nanjing
ancient city in the following three aspects.
1. The history
2. A Treasure Gate
3. Bricks with Chinese Characters
IV Guangdong attractions
Task A: Guangdong famous defensive projects
http://sz.happyvalley.cn/ or
 Warming-up Activities( Designing
the itinerary)
Suppose a company wants to have oneday tour in Guanzhoug city or
Dongguan city. Divid the whole class
into a few groups (5 people per group)
to form the travel agencies. Each
agency show their route. The other
group can ask the questions on the
designed route..
Guangzhou's most scenic spots
Guangzhou's most scenic spots
1. Sun Yet-sen Memorial Hall
2. Guangxiao Temple
3.Liu Banyan Temple
4. Pearl River Cruise
5.Yuexiu Park
6.Guangdong Provincial Museum
7.Huaisheng Mosque
8. Chime-Long Paradiase
Guangzhou’s Hotels
1. The Garden Hotel
4. Dongfang Hotel
2.China Hotel
5. Holiday Inn City Center Guangzhou
3.White Swan Hotel
Task B General description of the Guangzhou
Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, the
southern gateway of China, is situated in the Pearl River
Delta. Its hot and moist climate derives from its
subtropical location. Guangzhu, in many climate derives
from its subtropical location. Guangzhou, in many aspects,
preserves its peculiarity in culture and tradition—its unique
dialect, its vivid local music and plays, and its well-known
culinary art.
广州市是广东省省会，中国的南大门，位于珠江三角洲上。因地处
亚热带，气候炎热湿润。广州在许多方面保持了其独特的文化传统，
如与众不同的方言，生动活泼、富于地方色彩的音乐和喜剧，还有
世界文明的烹饪艺术等。
More Useful Expressions
1.souvenir 纪念品
2. pedestrain street 步行街
3. place of interest 旅游景点
4.coach 长途巴士
V Simulation & Interactive Activity
Task A: （video 3）The Fortresses in Humen city.
http://chineseculture.about.com/
1.Give a brief introduction to
Humen city in English.
2.What are the famous scenic
spots in Humen?
3.Choose several students from
each group to tour typical scenes
in Humen Fortress.
4.Evaluation of the students’s
performances.
The Naval Battle Museum
The destruction of Opium led by Lin Zexu and the Opium war started the
modern history of China. It highlights the important status of Dongguan as the
place where China's modern history started as Lin Zexu Opium-Destruction Pit
and the former site of Humen Emplacement are the objective witnesses of
this important event in China's modern history. Grandly seated on the Pearl
River estuary, Humen Emplacement along with its high mountains and green
water makes the all scenery spacious and broad. Lin Zexu Opium-Destruction
Pit and the former site of Humen Emplacement are listed as key cultural relic
units under State Protections for their high historical values. They are a
National Patriotism Education Base, a National Youth Education Base and a
Drug Prohibition Education Base. Enjoying great reputation at home and abroad,
they are very significant historical and cultural resources and popular relic
tourist scenic spots. All this means a lot to the construction of the new city
and the highlighting of urban historical and cultural specialties.
II. Please interpret the following into English orally.
1.虎门介于番禺和东莞两市之间，前临穿鼻洋，两岸诸山对峙，江中有大虎、小虎、
上横档等红岩石岛屹立，状若门户，奇险天成，成为珠江口江防要塞。当年林则徐、
关天培为抵御外侮，在虎门两岸、江中小岛构筑沙角、威远、镇远和靖远炮台，横江
布下铁链，使之成为“金锁铜关”。 鸦片战争期间，虎门军民在这里抗击外来侵略
者，为中国近代史写下了光辉的一页。
2.虎门销烟，中国历史上的一次重大事件。这一事件的主持者，便是中国的民族英雄
林则徐。
古老的炮台，记录着战火纷飞的历史。真实的资料，揭露出鸦片贸易的罪恶。斑驳的
城墙，
不屈的将士，将永远激荡着炎黄子孙的灵魂
III. Simulation
•  Warming-up questions
Have you ever been to Humen—Shaojiao Fort? If so,
ask the classmates who are regarded as the guide to
show it.
 Scenic Spots of Shaojiao Fortess in Humen
Please simulate the guide of Shaojiao Fortess to each
other, and make up a tour commentary
Ⅳ. Other free Simulated practice
•  Class presentation:
Students make a presentation of Weiyuan Fortess or one of familiar famous
defensive projects in five, ten or fifteen minutes in front of the class. The
teacher and other simulated tourists will make comments on whether address
the main points about the site in the limited time and how the presentation
can be improved.
Note：Cooperation → Collecting information → Information processing →
scenic interpretation
Investigation — Group work
What was the main reason for constructing high defensive walls in ancient
China?
Why are the citys narrow on the top, and wide at the bottom?
Do people still use the technique of soil-tamping in constructing walls? Why?
What is the function of the moat?
When did brick walls become popular? Why?
Do you know any other stories related to the Great Wall?
Give a Brief introduction to the Badaling section of the Great Wall.•
VI Assessment
Task A: Criteria
 Divid the whole class into 4 groups (10 people per group) to form 4 travel
agencies. Each agency ask one representative to simulate a guide and give a tour
commentary about one defensive project (given from the above exercises) to
compete the assessment. Ask different agencies to mark the referring to the
Criteria .
website:
http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_curiosity/200609/13/content_85606.htm
http://www.baidu.com
http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn
http://netedu.ustc.edu.cn
http://www.sd-taishan.gov
http://chineseculture.about.com/
http://zhidao.baidu.com
http://news.xinhuanet.com
http://www.wchol.com
http://www.bjenglishguide.com
http ://www.ebigear.com
http://www.en8848.com.cn
http://www.dgtoday.com.cn